Request继承体系及获取请求数据

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-28 00:18:01 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-28 00:18:01 发布

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分类专栏： Java基础+进阶+核心技术文章标签： tomcat java java-ee http 前端

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_61961937/article/details/124760038

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一、Request继承体系

二、Request获取请求数据

一、Request继承体系

1、Tomcat需要解析请求数据，封装为request对象，并且创建request对象传递到service方法中

2、使用request对象，查阅JavaEE API文档的HttServletRequest接口

代码示例查看request全类名：

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/demo2")
public class ServletDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println(request);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

访问demo2路径：

控制台输出全类名：

二、Request获取请求数据

请求数据分为3部分：

1、请求行：GET/request-demo/req1?username=zhangsan HTTP/1.1

String getMethod()：获取请求方式：GET

String getContextPath()：获取虚拟目录（项目访问路径）：/request-demo

StringBuffer getRequestURL：获取URL（统一资源定位符）：http://localhost:8080/request-demo/req1

String getRequestURL()：获取URL（统一资源标识符）：/request-demo/req1

String getQueryString()：获取请求参数（GET方式）：username=zhangsan&password=123

以上方法代码示例：

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/req1")
public class RequestDemo1 extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //String getMethod() ：获取请求方式：GET
        String method = req.getMethod();
        System.out.println(method);//GET

        //String getContextPath()：获取虚拟目录(项目访问路径):/request-demo
        String contextPath = req.getContextPath();
        System.out.println(contextPath);

        //StringBuffer getRequestURL:获取URL(统一资源定位符)：http://localhost:8080/request-demo
        StringBuffer url = req.getRequestURL();
        System.out.println(url.toString());

        //String getRequestURI()：获取URL(统一资源标识符)：/request-demo/req1
        String uri = req.getRequestURI();
        System.out.println(uri);

        //String getQueryString()：获取请求参数（GEI方式）：username=zhangsan
        String queryString = req.getQueryString();
        System.out.println(queryString);


    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {


    }
}

访问req1路径：

控制台输出：

2、请求头：User-Agent：Mozilla/5.0 Chrome/91.0.4472.106

String getHeader(String name)：根据请求头名称，获取值

以上方法代码示例：

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/req1")
public class RequestDemo1 extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //获取请求头：user-agent:浏览器版本信息
        String agent = req.getHeader("user-agent");
        System.out.println(agent);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {


    }
}

访问req1路径：

控制台输出：

3、请求体：username=superbaby&password=123

ServletInputStream getInputStream()：获取字节输入流

BufferedReader getReader()：获取字符输入流

post请求需要表单，req.html代码：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>


<form action="/Tomcate-demo2/req4" method="get">
    <input type="text" name="username"><br>
    <input type="password" name="password"><br>
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

获取post请求参数代码：

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/req1")
public class RequestDemo1 extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取post请求体，请求参数

        //1、获取字符输入流
        BufferedReader br = req.getReader();
        //2、读取数量
        String line = br.readLine();
        System.out.println(line);

    }
}

访问req.html，并输出参数提交：