Servlet高级

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-15 20:33:30 发布

ZikXL

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-15 20:33:30 发布

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文章标签： javaweb 服务器 filter

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_61964891/article/details/121448252

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1.Filter过滤器

1.什么是Filter

2.实现第一个Filter程序

1.在eclipse中创建一个chapter08的Web项目，然后在项目的src目录下创建一个cn.itcast.chapter08.filter的包，在此包下创建一个MyServlet的Servlet类，用于访问时在浏览器中输出“HelloMyServlet”，实现代码如下：

package cn.itcast.chapter08.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@WebServlet("/myservlet")
public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		response.getWriter().write("Hello MyServlet");
	}
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(request, response);
	}
}

2.在web.xml文件中对Servlet进行配置

<servlet>
  		<display-name>MyServlet</display-name>
		<servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>cn.itcast.chapter08.filter.MyServlet</servlet-class>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/MyServlet</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>

启动Tomcat服务器，在地址栏输入“http://localhost:2222/chapter08/myservlet”，运行结果如下：

3.在cn.itcast.chapter08.filter包中创建一个MyFilter的Filter类，用于拦截Servlet程序，代码如下：

package cn.itcast.chapter08.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
@WebFilter("/myfilter")
public class MyFilter implements Filter {
	public void destroy() {
	}
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		System.out.println("输出内容表示拦截了响应");
		response.getWriter().print("这是filter输出到网页的内容");
		if (true) {
			chain.doFilter(request, response);
		}
	}
	public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
	}
}

同样的，在web.xml文件中配置信息，如下：

	<filter>
		<display-name>MyFilter</display-name>
		<filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>
		<filter-class>cn.itcast.chapter08.filter.MyFilter</filter-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>encoding</param-name>
			<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
		</init-param>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>MyFilter</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/MyServlet</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>

重启Tomcat服务器，在地址栏输入“http://localhost:2222/chapter08/myservlet”，运行结果如下：

3.Filter映射

3.1 在chapter08项目的cn.itcast.chapter08.filter包中创建一个ForwardServlet的Servlet类，用于将请求转发给first.jsp页面，如下所示：

package cn.itcast.chapter08.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
@WebFilter("/forward")
public class ForwardServlet implements Filter {
	public void destroy() {
	}
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
		request.getRequestDispatcher("/first.jsp").forward(request, response);
	}
	public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
	}
}

3.2 在web.xml文件中，配置ForwardServlet信息，如下：

	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>ForwardServlet</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>cn.itcast.chapter08.filter.ForwardServlet</servlet-class>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>ForwardServlet</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/ForwardServlet</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>

3.3在chapter08项目的WebContent目录中创建一个first.jsp页面，用于输出内容，如下：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	first.jsp
</body>
</html>

3.4在cn.itcast.chapter08.filter的包中创建一个过滤器ForwardFilter.java，用于对first.jsp页面进行拦截，如下：

package cn.itcast.chapter08.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
@WebFilter("/forwardFilter")
public class ForwardFilter implements Filter {
	public void destroy() {
	}
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		out.write("Hello FilterTest");
	}
	public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
	}
}

3.5在web.xml文件中，配置过滤器的映射信息，拦截first.jsp页面

	<filter>
		<filter-name>ForwardFilter</filter-name>
		<filter-class>cn.itcast.chapter08.filter.ForwardFilter</filter-class>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>ForwardFilter</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/first.jsp</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>

3.6启动Tomcat服务器，运行结果如下：

3.7 在web.xml文件中添加一个<dispatcher>子元素，将该元素的值设置为FORWARD，修改后的ForwardFilter的映射如下：

	<filter>
		<filter-name>ForwardFilter</filter-name>
		<filter-class>cn.itcast.chapter08.filter.ForwardFilter</filter-class>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>ForwardFilter</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/first.jsp</url-pattern>
		<dispatcher>FORWARD</dispatcher>
	</filter-mapping>

3.8 重启Tomcat服务器，运行结果如图：

4.Filter 链

4.1在chapter08项目的cn.itcast.chapter08.filter包中创建两个过滤器MyFilter01和MyFilter02，如下：

MyFilter01:

package cn.itcast.chapter08.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
@WebFilter("/myfilter01")
public class MyFilter01 implements Filter {
	public void destroy() {
	}
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
		PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
		out.write("hello Myfilter01<br/>");
		chain.doFilter(request, response);
	}
	public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
	}
}

MyFilter02:

package cn.itcast.chapter08.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
@WebFilter("/myfilter02")
public class MyFilter02 implements Filter {
	public void destroy() {
	}
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
		PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
		out.write(" Myfilter02---------before<br/>");
		chain.doFilter(request, response);
		out.write(" <br/>Myfilter02---------after<br/>");
	}
	public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
	}
}

4.2将web.xml文件中其他配置信息注释，然后再在web.xml文件中写入MyFilter01和MyFilter02过滤器的映射配置信息在Servlet配置信息之前，配置信息如下：

  	<filter>
		<filter-name>MyFilter01</filter-name>
		<filter-class>cn.itcast.chapter08.filter.MyFilter01</filter-class>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>MyFilter01</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/MyServlet</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>
	<filter>
		<filter-name>MyFilter02</filter-name>
		<filter-class>cn.itcast.chapter08.filter.MyFilter02</filter-class>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>MyFilter02</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/MyServlet</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>
  	<servlet>
  		<display-name>MyServlet</display-name>
		<servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>cn.itcast.chapter08.filter.MyServlet</servlet-class>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/MyServlet</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>

5.FilterConfig接口

5.1 在chapter08项目的cn.itcast.chapter08.filter包中创建过滤器MyFilter03，使用该过滤器来获取web.xml中设置的参数，代码如下：

package cn.itcast.chapter08.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
@WebFilter("/myfilter03")
public class MyFilter03 implements Filter {
	private String characterEncoding;
	FilterConfig fc;
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
		characterEncoding = fc.getInitParameter("encoding");
		System.out.println("encoding初始参数的值为："+characterEncoding);
		chain.doFilter(request, response);
	}
	public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
		this.fc=fConfig;
	}
	@Override
	public void destroy() {
	}
}

5.2 在web.xml文件中配置过滤器信息，将此条映射配置信息放置在web.xml文件最前端，如下：

  <filter>
		<filter-name>MyFilter03</filter-name>
		<filter-class>cn.itcast.chapter08.filter.MyFilter03</filter-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>encoding</param-name>
			<param-value>GBK</param-value>
		</init-param>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>MyFilter03</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/MyServlet</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>

启动Tomcat服务器，运行结果如下所示：

2.使用Filter实现用户自动登录

1.编写User类

在chapter08项目中创建一个叫cn.itcast.chapter08.entity的包，在该包中编写一个User类，用于封装用户信息，如下：

package cn.itcast.chapter08.entity;
public class User{
	private String username;
	private String password;
	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}
	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}
	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}
	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}
}

2.实现登录页面及首页

2.1 在chapter08项目的WebContent中，编写login.jsp页面，用于创建一个用户登录的表单，表单中需填写用户名和密码，及用户自动登录的时间，如下：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8" import="java.util.*"%>
<html>
<head></head>
<center><h3>用户登录</h3></center>
<body style="text-align: center;">
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/LoginServlet" 
method="post">
<table border="1" width="600px" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" 
align="center" >
	<tr>
		<td height="30" align="center">用户名：</td>
		<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;
        <input type="text" name="username" />${errorMsg }</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
		<td height="30" align="center">密   &nbsp; 码：</td>
		<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;
          <input type="password" name="password" /></td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
		<td height="35" align="center">自动登录时间</td>
		<td><input type="radio" name="autologin" 
                  value="${60*60*24*31 }" />一个月
			<input type="radio" name="autologin" 
                  value="${60*60*24*31*3 }" />三个月
			<input type="radio" name="autologin" 
                  value="${60*60*24*31*6 }" />半年
			<input type="radio" name="autologin" 
                  value="${60*60*24*31*12 }" />一年
		</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
		<td height="30" colspan="2" align="center">
			      <input type="submit" value="登录" />
              &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
			<input type="reset" value="重置" />
		</td>
	</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
<html>

2.2 在chapter08项目的WebContent中，编写index.jsp页面，用于显示用户的登录信息，如果没有用户登录，则遭index.jsp页面中就显示一个超链接，如果用户已经登录，则显示用户登录的用户名，以及一个注销的超链接，如下：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8" import="java.util.*"
%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>显示登录的用户信息</title>
</head>
<body>
	<br />
	<center>
		<h3>欢迎光临</h3>
	</center>
	<br />
		<c:choose>
			<c:when test="${sessionScope.user==null }">
					<a href="http://localhost:2222/chapter08/login.jsp">用户登录</a>
			</c:when>
			<c:otherwise>
				贵州欢迎您，${sessionScope.user.username}    <a href="http://localhost:2222/chapter08/logout">退出</a>
			</c:otherwise>
		</c:choose>
	<hr />
</body>
</html>

注：在上面的jsp文件中使用了JSTL标签库，因此项目中的lib中应添加JSTL标签库的支持jar包(jstl.jar和standard.jar)。

3.创建Servlet

3.1编写LoginServlet类

在chapter08项目的cn.itcast.chapter08.filter包中，编写LoginServlet类，用于处理用户的登录请求，若输入的用户名和密码正确，则发送一个用户自动登录的Cookie，并跳转到首页，否则会提示输入的用户名和密码错误，并跳转至登录页面login.jsp让用户重新登录，如下：

 package cn.itcast.chapter08.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import cn.itcast.chapter08.entity.User;
@WebServlet("/login")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		String username=request.getParameter("username");
		String password=request.getParameter("password");
		if("itcast".equals(username)&&"123456".equals(password)) {
			User user=new User();
			user.setUsername(username);
			user.setPassword(password);
			request.getSession().setAttribute("uesr", user);
			String autoLogin=request.getParameter("autoLogin");
			if(autoLogin!=null) {
				Cookie cookie=new Cookie("autoLogin", username+"-"+password);
				cookie.setMaxAge(Integer.parseInt(autoLogin));
				cookie.setPath(request.getContextPath());
				response.addCookie(cookie);
			}
			response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/index.jsp");
		}else {
			request.setAttribute("errerMsg", "用户名或密码错误");
			request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
		}
	}
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doGet(request, response);
	}
}

3.2编写LogoutServlet类

在chapter08项目的cn.itcast.chapter08.filter包中，编写LogoutServlet类，用于注销用户登录的信息，此程序中首先会将Session会话中保存的User对象删除，然后再将自动登录的Cookie删除，最后跳转至index.jsp，如下：

package cn.itcast.chapter08.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@WebServlet("/logout")
public class LogoutServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		request.getSession().removeAttribute("user");
		Cookie cookie=new Cookie("autologin", "msg");
		cookie.setMaxAge(0);
		cookie.setPath(request.getContextPath());
		response.addCookie(cookie);
		response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/index.jsp");
	}
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doGet(request, response);
	}
}

4.创建过滤器

在chapter08项目的cn.itcast.chapter08.filter包中，编写AutoLoginFilter类，用于拦截用户登录的访问请求，判断请求中是否包含用户自动登录的Cookie，若包含，则获取Cookie中的用户名和密码，并验证用户名和密码是否正确，若正确，则将用户的登录信息封装到User对象存入Session域中，完成用户自动登录，如下：

package cn.itcast.chapter08.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import cn.itcast.chapter08.entity.User;
@WebFilter("/auto")
public class AutoLoginFilter implements Filter {
	public void destroy() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	}
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
		//1.获取所以的cookie
		HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest)request;
		Cookie[] cs = req.getCookies();
		//2.cookie,找到保存用户名和密码的那个cookie
		String autoLogin=null;
		for(int i = 0 ; cs != null && i<cs.length ; i++) {
			String cookieName = cs[i].getName();
			if("autoLogin".equals(cookieName)) {
				//找到了保存用户名和密码的cookie
				autoLogin = cs[i].getValue();
			}
		}
		//3.如果获取到用户名密码不为空，实现自动登录
		if(autoLogin!=null) {
			//判断用户名和密码是否正确
			String[] strs = autoLogin.split("-");
			String username = strs[0];
			String password = strs[1];
			if("itcast".equals(username) && "123".equals(password)) {
				//用户名和密码正确
				User u = new User();
				u.setUsername(username);
				u.setPassword(password);
				//在index.jsp主页面，会显示用户信息
				req.getSession().setAttribute("user",u);
			}
		}
		chain.doFilter(request, response);
	}
	public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	}
}

5.配置映射信息

在web.xml文件中，配置所有相关Servlet及AutoLoginFilter过滤器信息，由于拦截用户访问请求，则将过滤器<filter-mapping>元素拦截的路径设置为“/*”，如下：

	<filter>
		<filter-name>AutoLoginFilter</filter-name>
		<filter-class>cn.itcast.chapter08.filter.AutoLoginFilter</filter-class>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>AutoLoginFilter</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>cn.itcast.chapter08.filter.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/LoginServlet</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>LogoutServlet</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>cn.itcast.chapter08.filter.LogoutServlet</servlet-class>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>LogoutServlet</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/LogoutServlet</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>

6.启动服务器，运行项目

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Servlet高级

1.Filter过滤器 1.什么是Filter 2.实现第一个Filter程序1.在eclipse中创建一个chapter08的Web项目，然后在项目的src目录下创建一个cn.itcast.chapter08.filter的包，在此包下创建一个MyServlet的Servlet类，用于访问时在浏览器中输出“HelloMyServlet”，实现代码如下：package cn.itcast.chapter08.filter;import...
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