数据结构12-图的遍历

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-18 23:57:26 发布

南湾河

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-18 23:57:26 发布

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文章标签：数据结构 c语言深度优先

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_62035627/article/details/125072338

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一、定义

图：图G由两个集合V和E组成的，记为G=(V,E),其中V是顶点的有穷非空集合，E是V中顶点偶对的有穷集合，这些顶点偶对称为边。

图的遍历：从图中某一顶点出发访遍图中其余顶点，且使每一个顶点仅被访问一次，这一过程就叫做图的遍历。

// 使用队列来管理图中数据
typedef struct GraphNodeQueue{
	int* nodes;
	int front;
	int rear;
}GraphNodeQueue, *QueuePtr;

// 定义图
typedef struct Graph{
	int** connections;   // 结点
	int numNodes;        // 数据
} *GraphPtr;

入队出队操作：

void enqueue(QueuePtr paraQueuePtr, int paraNode){
	printf("front = %d, rear = %d.\r\n", paraQueuePtr->front, paraQueuePtr->rear);
	if ((paraQueuePtr->rear + 1) % QUEUE_SIZE == paraQueuePtr->front % QUEUE_SIZE) {
		printf("Error, trying to enqueue %d. queue full.\r\n", paraNode);
		return;
	}
	paraQueuePtr->nodes[paraQueuePtr->rear] = paraNode;
	paraQueuePtr->rear = (paraQueuePtr->rear + 1) % QUEUE_SIZE;
	printf("enqueue %d ends.\r\n", paraNode);
}

int dequeue(QueuePtr paraQueuePtr){
	if (isQueueEmpty(paraQueuePtr)) {     // 判断队列是否为空
		printf("Error, empty queue\r\n");
		return NULL;
	}

	paraQueuePtr->front = (paraQueuePtr->front + 1) % QUEUE_SIZE;

	printf("dequeue %d ends.\r\n", paraQueuePtr->nodes[paraQueuePtr->front]);
	return paraQueuePtr->nodes[paraQueuePtr->front];
}

二、初始化

// 队列初始化
QueuePtr initQueue(){
	QueuePtr resultQueuePtr = (QueuePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct GraphNodeQueue));
	resultQueuePtr->nodes = (int*)malloc(QUEUE_SIZE * sizeof(int));
	resultQueuePtr->front = 0;
	resultQueuePtr->rear = 1;
	return resultQueuePtr;
}

// 图的初始化
GraphPtr initGraph(int paraSize, int** paraData) {
	int i, j;
	GraphPtr resultPtr = (GraphPtr)malloc(sizeof(Graph));
	resultPtr -> numNodes = paraSize;
	resultPtr -> connections = (int**)malloc(paraSize * sizeof(int*));
	for (i = 0; i < paraSize; i ++) {
		resultPtr -> connections[i] = (int*)malloc(paraSize * sizeof(int));
		for (j = 0; j < paraSize; j ++) {
			resultPtr -> connections[i][j] = paraData[i][j];
		}
	}

void initTranverse(GraphPtr paraGraphPtr) {
	int i;
	visitedPtr = (int*) malloc(paraGraphPtr -> numNodes * sizeof(int));
	
	for (i = 0; i < paraGraphPtr -> numNodes; i ++) {
		visitedPtr[i] = 0;   // 将标志数组中每个数据初始化为0
	}
}

三、两种遍历函数（两种遍历方式）

深度优先遍历（DFS）

void depthFirstTranverse(GraphPtr paraGraphPtr, int paraNode) {
	int i;
	
	visitedPtr[paraNode] = 1;
	printf("%d\t", paraNode);
	
	for (i = 0; i < paraGraphPtr -> numNodes; i ++) {
		if (!visitedPtr[i]){ 
			if (paraGraphPtr -> connections[paraNode][i]) {
				depthFirstTranverse(paraGraphPtr, i);
			}
		}
	}
}

广度优先遍历（BFS）

void widthFirstTranverse(GraphPtr paraGraphPtr, int paraStart){
	// 用队列去管理指针 
	int i, j, tempNode;
	i = 0;
	QueuePtr tempQueuePtr = initQueue();
	printf("%d\t", paraStart);
	visitedPtr[paraStart] = 1;
	enqueue(tempQueuePtr, paraStart);
	while (!isQueueEmpty(tempQueuePtr)) {
		tempNode = dequeue(tempQueuePtr);
		visitedPtr[tempNode] = 1;
		
		// 输出 
		i ++;

		for (j = 0; j < paraGraphPtr->numNodes; j ++) {
			if (visitedPtr[j]) 
				continue;

			if (paraGraphPtr->connections[tempNode][j] == 0)
				continue;
			
			printf("%d\t", j);
			visitedPtr[j] = 1;
			enqueue(tempQueuePtr, j);
		}
	}
}

四、测试函数

void testGraphTranverse() {
	int i, j;
	int myGraph[5][5] = { 
		{0, 1, 0, 1, 0},
		{1, 0, 1, 0, 1}, 
		{0, 1, 0, 1, 1}, 
		{1, 0, 1, 0, 0}, 
		{0, 1, 1, 0, 0}};
	int** tempPtr;
	printf("Preparing data\r\n");
		
	tempPtr = (int**)malloc(5 * sizeof(int*));
	for (i = 0; i < 5; i ++) {
		tempPtr[i] = (int*)malloc(5 * sizeof(int));
	}
	 
	for (i = 0; i < 5; i ++) {
		for (j = 0; j < 5; j ++) {
			printf("i = %d, j = %d, ", i, j);
			printf("%d\r\n", tempPtr[i][j]);
			tempPtr[i][j] = myGraph[i][j];
			printf("i = %d, j = %d, %d\r\n", i, j, tempPtr[i][j]);
		}
	}
 
	printf("Data ready\r\n");
	
	GraphPtr tempGraphPtr = initGraph(5, tempPtr);
	printf("num nodes = %d \r\n", tempGraphPtr -> numNodes);
	printf("Graph initialized\r\n");

	printf("Depth first visit:\r\n");
	initTranverse(tempGraphPtr);
	depthFirstTranverse(tempGraphPtr, 4);

	printf("\r\nWidth first visit:\r\n");
	initTranverse(tempGraphPtr);
	widthFirstTranverse(tempGraphPtr, 4);
}

五、完整代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>

#define QUEUE_SIZE 10

int* visitedPtr;   // 创建一个标志数组，避免重复访问同一个结点


typedef struct GraphNodeQueue{
	int* nodes;
	int front;
	int rear;
}GraphNodeQueue, *QueuePtr;


QueuePtr initQueue(){
	QueuePtr resultQueuePtr = (QueuePtr)malloc(sizeof(struct GraphNodeQueue));
	resultQueuePtr->nodes = (int*)malloc(QUEUE_SIZE * sizeof(int));
	resultQueuePtr->front = 0;
	resultQueuePtr->rear = 1;
	return resultQueuePtr;
}

// 判断队列是否为空
bool isQueueEmpty(QueuePtr paraQueuePtr){
	if ((paraQueuePtr->front + 1) % QUEUE_SIZE == paraQueuePtr->rear) {
		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

void enqueue(QueuePtr paraQueuePtr, int paraNode){
	printf("front = %d, rear = %d.\r\n", paraQueuePtr->front, paraQueuePtr->rear);
	if ((paraQueuePtr->rear + 1) % QUEUE_SIZE == paraQueuePtr->front % QUEUE_SIZE) {
		printf("Error, trying to enqueue %d. queue full.\r\n", paraNode);
		return;
	}
	paraQueuePtr->nodes[paraQueuePtr->rear] = paraNode;
	paraQueuePtr->rear = (paraQueuePtr->rear + 1) % QUEUE_SIZE;
	printf("enqueue %d ends.\r\n", paraNode);
}

int dequeue(QueuePtr paraQueuePtr){
	if (isQueueEmpty(paraQueuePtr)) {
		printf("Error, empty queue\r\n");
		return NULL;
	}

	paraQueuePtr->front = (paraQueuePtr->front + 1) % QUEUE_SIZE;

	printf("dequeue %d ends.\r\n", paraQueuePtr->nodes[paraQueuePtr->front]);
	return paraQueuePtr->nodes[paraQueuePtr->front];
}

typedef struct Graph{
	int** connections;
	int numNodes;
} *GraphPtr;

GraphPtr initGraph(int paraSize, int** paraData) {
	int i, j;
	GraphPtr resultPtr = (GraphPtr)malloc(sizeof(Graph));
	resultPtr -> numNodes = paraSize;
	resultPtr -> connections = (int**)malloc(paraSize * sizeof(int*));
	for (i = 0; i < paraSize; i ++) {
		resultPtr -> connections[i] = (int*)malloc(paraSize * sizeof(int));
		for (j = 0; j < paraSize; j ++) {
			resultPtr -> connections[i][j] = paraData[i][j];
		}
	}
	return resultPtr;
}


void initTranverse(GraphPtr paraGraphPtr) {
	int i;
	//Initialize data
	visitedPtr = (int*) malloc(paraGraphPtr -> numNodes * sizeof(int));
	
	for (i = 0; i < paraGraphPtr -> numNodes; i ++) {
		visitedPtr[i] = 0;
	}
}

// 深度遍历
void depthFirstTranverse(GraphPtr paraGraphPtr, int paraNode) {
	int i;
	
	visitedPtr[paraNode] = 1;
	printf("%d\t", paraNode);
	
	for (i = 0; i < paraGraphPtr -> numNodes; i ++) {
		if (!visitedPtr[i]){ 
			if (paraGraphPtr -> connections[paraNode][i]) {
				depthFirstTranverse(paraGraphPtr, i);
			}
		}
	}
}

// 广度遍历
void widthFirstTranverse(GraphPtr paraGraphPtr, int paraStart){
	// 用队列去管理指针 
	int i, j, tempNode;
	i = 0;
	QueuePtr tempQueuePtr = initQueue();
	printf("%d\t", paraStart);
	visitedPtr[paraStart] = 1;
	enqueue(tempQueuePtr, paraStart);
	while (!isQueueEmpty(tempQueuePtr)) {
		tempNode = dequeue(tempQueuePtr);
		visitedPtr[tempNode] = 1;
		
		// 输出 
		i ++;

		for (j = 0; j < paraGraphPtr->numNodes; j ++) {
			if (visitedPtr[j]) 
				continue;

			if (paraGraphPtr->connections[tempNode][j] == 0)
				continue;
			
			printf("%d\t", j);
			visitedPtr[j] = 1;
			enqueue(tempQueuePtr, j);
		}
	}
}

// 测试函数
void testGraphTranverse() {
	int i, j;
	int myGraph[5][5] = { 
		{0, 1, 0, 1, 0},
		{1, 0, 1, 0, 1}, 
		{0, 1, 0, 1, 1}, 
		{1, 0, 1, 0, 0}, 
		{0, 1, 1, 0, 0}};
	int** tempPtr;
	printf("Preparing data\r\n");
		
	tempPtr = (int**)malloc(5 * sizeof(int*));
	for (i = 0; i < 5; i ++) {
		tempPtr[i] = (int*)malloc(5 * sizeof(int));
	}
	 
	for (i = 0; i < 5; i ++) {
		for (j = 0; j < 5; j ++) {
			printf("i = %d, j = %d, ", i, j);
			printf("%d\r\n", tempPtr[i][j]);
			tempPtr[i][j] = myGraph[i][j];
			printf("i = %d, j = %d, %d\r\n", i, j, tempPtr[i][j]);
		}
	}
 
	printf("Data ready\r\n");
	
	GraphPtr tempGraphPtr = initGraph(5, tempPtr);
	printf("num nodes = %d \r\n", tempGraphPtr -> numNodes);
	printf("Graph initialized\r\n");

	printf("Depth first visit:\r\n");
	initTranverse(tempGraphPtr);
	depthFirstTranverse(tempGraphPtr, 4);

	printf("\r\nWidth first visit:\r\n");
	initTranverse(tempGraphPtr);
	widthFirstTranverse(tempGraphPtr, 4);
}

int main(){
	testGraphTranverse();
	return 1;
}

六、运行结果

南湾河

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数据结构12-图的遍历

目录一、定义二、初始化三、两种遍历函数（两种遍历方式）四、测试函数五、完整代码六、运行结果一、定义图：图G由两个集合V和E组成的，记为G=(V,E),其中V是顶点的有穷非空集合，E是V中顶点偶对的有穷集合，这些顶点偶对称为边。图的遍历：从图中某一顶点出发访遍图中其余顶点，且使每一个顶点仅被访问一次，这一过程就叫做图的遍历。// 使用队列来管理图中数据typedef struct GraphNodeQueue{ int* nodes; int front
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