永久重定向

如果脚本中有大量数据需要重定向，那重定向每个echo语句就会很烦琐。取而代之，可以用exec命令告诉shell在脚本执行期间重定向某个特定文件描述符。

$ cat test10 
#!/bin/bash 
# redirecting all output to a file 
exec 1>testout 
echo "This is a test of redirecting all output" 
echo "from a script to another file." 
echo "without having to redirect every individual line" 
$ ./test10 
$ cat testout 
This is a test of redirecting all output 
from a script to another file. 
without having to redirect every individual line 
$ 

exec命令会启动一个新shell并将STDOUT文件描述符重定向到文件。脚本中发给STDOUT的所有输出会被重定向到文件。
可以在脚本执行过程中重定向STDOUT。

$ cat test11 
#!/bin/bash 
# redirecting output to different locations 
exec 2>testerror 
echo "This is the start of the script" 
echo "now redirecting all output to another location" 
exec 1>testout 
echo "This output should go to the testout file" 
echo "but this should go to the testerror file" >&2 
$ 
$ ./test11 
This is the start of the script 
now redirecting all output to another location 
$ cat testout 
This output should go to the testout file 
$ cat testerror 
but this should go to the testerror file 
$ 

这个脚本用exec命令来将发给STDERR的输出重定向到文件testerror。接下来，脚本用echo语句向STDOUT显示了几行文本。随后再次使用exec命令来将STDOUT重定向到testout文件。注意，尽管STDOUT被重定向了，但你仍然可以将echo语句的输出发给STDERR。