消息队列——spring和springboot整合rabbitmq

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已于 2023-07-17 21:42:09 修改

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分类专栏：消息队列文章标签： spring java-rabbitmq spring boot

于 2023-07-17 21:41:30 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_62327332/article/details/131773348

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spring整合rabbitmq——生产者

rabbitmq配置文件信息

倒入生产者工程的相关代码

简单工作模式

spring整合rabbitmq——消费者

spring整合rabbitmq——配置详解

SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ——生产者

SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ——消费者

spring整合rabbitmq——生产者

使用原生amqp来写应该已经没有这样的公司了

创建两个工程，一个生产者一个消费者，分别倒入如下依赖

    <dependencies>
        <!--上下文-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--spring整合amqp-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--单元测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!--编译插件-->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

rabbitmq配置文件信息

rabbitmq.properties文件如下

rabbitmq.host=172.16.98.133
rabbitmq.port=5672
rabbitmq.username=heima
rabbitmq.password=heima
rabbitmq.virtual-host=/itcast

倒入生产者工程的相关代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd">
    <!--加载配置文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:/rabbitmq.properties"/>

    <!-- 定义rabbitmq connectionFactory -->
    <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${rabbitmq.host}"
                               port="${rabbitmq.port}"
                               username="${rabbitmq.username}"
                               password="${rabbitmq.password}"
                               virtual-host="${rabbitmq.virtual-host}"/>
    <!--定义管理交换机、队列-->
    <rabbit:admin connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>

    <!--定义持久化队列，不存在则自动创建；不绑定到交换机则绑定到默认交换机
    默认交换机类型为direct，名字为：""，路由键为队列的名称
    -->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_queue" name="spring_queue" auto-declare="true"/>

    <!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~广播；所有队列都能收到消息~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -->
    <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_fanout_queue_1" name="spring_fanout_queue_1" auto-declare="true"/>

    <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_fanout_queue_2" name="spring_fanout_queue_2" auto-declare="true"/>

    <!--定义广播类型交换机；并绑定上述两个队列-->
    <rabbit:fanout-exchange id="spring_fanout_exchange" name="spring_fanout_exchange" auto-declare="true">
        <rabbit:bindings>
            <rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_1"/>
            <rabbit:binding queue="spring_fanout_queue_2"/>
        </rabbit:bindings>
    </rabbit:fanout-exchange>

    <!-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~通配符；*匹配一个单词，#匹配多个单词 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -->
    <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_star" name="spring_topic_queue_star" auto-declare="true"/>
    <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_well" name="spring_topic_queue_well" auto-declare="true"/>
    <!--定义广播交换机中的持久化队列，不存在则自动创建-->
    <rabbit:queue id="spring_topic_queue_well2" name="spring_topic_queue_well2" auto-declare="true"/>

    <rabbit:topic-exchange id="spring_topic_exchange" name="spring_topic_exchange" auto-declare="true">
        <rabbit:bindings>
            <rabbit:binding pattern="heima.*" queue="spring_topic_queue_star"/>
            <rabbit:binding pattern="heima.#" queue="spring_topic_queue_well"/>
            <rabbit:binding pattern="itcast.#" queue="spring_topic_queue_well2"/>
        </rabbit:bindings>
    </rabbit:topic-exchange>

    <!--定义rabbitTemplate对象操作可以在代码中方便发送消息-->
    <rabbit:template id="rabbitTemplate" connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>
</beans>

上面这个配置文件准备了三种工作模式需要的队列和交换机。

简单工作模式

在测试类中加载配置文件并发送消息


@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring-rabbitmq-producer.xml")
public class ProducerTest {
    //1.注入RabbitTemplate
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Test
    public void testHelloWorld(){
        //2.发送消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_queue","hello-yhy");
    }

    /**
     * 发送fanout
     */
    @Test
    public void testFaonut(){
        //2.发送消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_fanout_exchange","","spring fanout....");
    }

    /**
     * 发送topic消息
     */
    @Test
    public void testTopic(){
        //2.发送消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("spring_topic_exchange","heima.hehe.haha","spring topic....");
    }


}

运行上三个测试方法过后管理端如下，出现了新的队列和交换机和信息

spring整合rabbitmq——消费者

导入消费者的XML配置文件

消费者中还要创建对应的监听器的类，不然配置文件爆红

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd">
    <!--加载配置文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:rabbitmq.properties"/>

    <!-- 定义rabbitmq connectionFactory -->
    <rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory" host="${rabbitmq.host}"
                               port="${rabbitmq.port}"
                               username="${rabbitmq.username}"
                               password="${rabbitmq.password}"
                               virtual-host="${rabbitmq.virtual-host}"/>

    <bean id="springQueueListener" class="com.yhy.rabbitmq.listener.SpringQueueListener"/>
<!--    <bean id="fanoutListener1" class="com.yhy.rabbitmq.listener.FanoutListener1"/>-->
<!--    <bean id="fanoutListener2" class="com.yhy.rabbitmq.listener.FanoutListener2"/>-->
<!--    <bean id="topicListenerStar" class="com.yhy.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerStar"/>-->
<!--    <bean id="topicListenerWell" class="com.yhy.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerWell"/>-->
<!--    <bean id="topicListenerWell2" class="com.yhy.rabbitmq.listener.TopicListenerWell2"/>-->

    <rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="connectionFactory" auto-declare="true">
        <rabbit:listener ref="springQueueListener" queue-names="spring_queue"/>
<!--        <rabbit:listener ref="fanoutListener1" queue-names="spring_fanout_queue_1"/>-->
<!--        <rabbit:listener ref="fanoutListener2" queue-names="spring_fanout_queue_2"/>-->
<!--        <rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerStar" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_star"/>-->
<!--        <rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerWell" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_well"/>-->
<!--        <rabbit:listener ref="topicListenerWell2" queue-names="spring_topic_queue_well2"/>-->
    </rabbit:listener-container>
</beans>

然后创建一个简单工作模式需要的对应类

public class SpringQueueListener implements MessageListener {
    @Override
    public void onMessage(Message message) {
        /**
         * 打印消息
         */
        System.out.println(new String(message.getBody()));
    }
}

在测试类中弄个方法用来加载配置文件，配置文件一加载，上面的监听器就会自动执行的。

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring-rabbitmq-consumer.xml")
public class ConsumerTest {
    @Test
    public void test1(){
        while(true){
            
        }
    }
}

其余的都是一模一样的写法。

spring整合rabbitmq——配置详解

队列声明的参数

广播类型的交换机和队列绑定时不需要指定路由key,direct和topic都要指定路由key.

SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ——生产者

引入如下依赖

 <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>

再在resources目录下写一个配置文件类

# 配置RabbitMQ的基本信息 ip 端口 username password ...
spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 
    post: 5672
    username: guest
    password: guest
    virtual-host: /

创建启动类

package com.yhy;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class ProducerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProducerApplication.class);
    }
}

准备一个配置类

package com.yhy.rabbit.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;


@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {
    public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME="boot_topic_exchange";
    public static final String QUEUE_NAME="boot_queue";

    //1.交换机
    @Bean("bootExchange")
    public Exchange bootExchange(){
        return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(EXCHANGE_NAME).durable(true).build();
    }
    //2.Queue队列
    @Bean("bootQueue")
    public Queue bootQueue(){
        return QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_NAME).build();
    }
    //3.队列和交换机绑定关系，Binding
    /**
     * 1.知道哪个队列
     * 2.知道哪个交换机
     * 3.routing key
     */
    @Bean
    public Binding bindQueueExchange(@Qualifier("bootQueue") Queue queue,@Qualifier("bootExchange") Exchange exchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("boot.#").noargs();
    }
}

在测试类中准备如下测试方法

@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class ProducerTest {
    //1.注入RabbitTemplate
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Test
    public void testSend(){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.EXCHANGE_NAME,"boot.haha","boot mq hello");
    }
}

运行后可以看见出现有新队列和消息

SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ——消费者

在性工程创建一个监听类如下，加上@Component注解之后就可以自动执行一次了

@Component
public class RabbitMQListener {
    @RabbitListener(queues="boot_queue")
    public void ListenerQueue(Message message){
        System.out.println(message);
    }
}

输出如下，成功获取到上面生产者发出的消息