rsync

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-18 16:24:25 发布

cy大马猴

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-18 16:24:25 发布

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文章标签： ssh 服务器网络

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_62469712/article/details/127005399

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rsync简介

rsync是linux系统下的数据镜像备份工具。使用快速增量备份工具Remote Sync可以远程同步，支持本地复制，或者与其他SSH、rsync主机同步。

rsync特性

rsync支持很多特性：

可以镜像保存整个目录树和文件系统
可以很容易做到保持原来文件的权限、时间、软硬链接等等
无须特殊权限即可安装
快速：第一次同步时rsync会复制全部内容，但在下一次只传输修改过的文件。rsync在传输数据的过程中可以实行压缩及解压缩操作，因此可以使用更少的带宽
安全：可以使用scp、ssh等方式来传输文件，当然也可以通过直接的socket连接
支持匿名传输，以方便进行网站镜像

rsync的ssh认证协议

rsync命令来同步系统文件之前要先登录remote主机认证，认证过程中用到的协议有2种：

ssh协议
rsync协议
rsync server端不用启动rsync的daemon进程，只要获取remote host的用户名和密码就可以直接rsync同步文件
rsync server端因为不用启动daemon进程，所以也不用配置文件/etc/rsyncd.conf

ssh认证协议跟scp的原理是一样的，如果在同步过程中不想输入密码就用ssh-keygen -t rsa打通通道

rsync命令

//Rsync的命令格式常用的有以下三种：
    rsync [OPTION]... SRC DEST
    rsync [OPTION]... SRC [USER@]HOST:DEST
    rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST:SRC DEST
　　
//对应于以上三种命令格式，rsync有三种不同的工作模式：
1）拷贝本地文件。当SRC和DES路径信息都不包含有单个冒号":"分隔符时就启动这种工作模式。如：
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  nfs.sh
[root@localhost ~]# rsync -a nfs.sh a.sh
[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 12
-rw-------. 1 root root 1453 Jun 13 19:27 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root 1041 Aug  8 18:14 a.sh
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root 1041 Aug  8 18:14 nfs.sh
[root@localhost ~]# ll -i
total 12
33574978 -rw-------. 1 root root 1453 Jun 13 19:27 anaconda-ks.cfg
33574979 -rwxr-xr-x  1 root root 1041 Aug  8 18:14 a.sh
33574990 -rwxr-xr-x  1 root root 1041 Aug  8 18:14 nfs.sh

2）使用一个远程shell程序(如rsh、ssh)来实现将本地机器的内容拷贝到远程机器。当DST路径地址包 \
含单个冒号":"分隔符时启动该模式。如：
[root@localhost ~]# rsync -avz nfs.sh root@172.16.12.129:/root/b.sh
sending incremental file list
nfs.sh

sent 643 bytes  received 35 bytes  1,356.00 bytes/sec
total size is 1,041  speedup is 1.54
[root@localhost ~]# ssh root@172.16.12.129 'ls -l /root'
total 8
-rw-------. 1 root root 1454 Aug  6 04:39 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root 1041 Aug  8  2018 b.sh

3）使用一个远程shell程序(如rsh、ssh)来实现将远程机器的内容拷贝到本地机器。当SRC地址路径 \
包含单个冒号":"分隔符时启动该模式。如：
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  a.sh  nfs.sh
[root@localhost ~]# rsync -avz root@172.16.12.129:/etc/yum.repos.d /root/
receiving incremental file list
yum.repos.d/
yum.repos.d/163.repo
yum.repos.d/redhat.repo

sent 66 bytes  received 918 bytes  1,968.00 bytes/sec
total size is 1,820  speedup is 1.85
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  a.sh  nfs.sh  yum.repos.d
[root@localhost ~]# ls yum.repos.d/
163.repo  redhat.repo



//rsync常用选项：
    -a, --archive       //归档
    -v, --verbose       //啰嗦模式
    -q, --quiet         //静默模式
    -r, --recursive     //递归
    -p, --perms         //保持原有的权限属性
    -z, --compress      //在传输时压缩，节省带宽，加快传输速度
    --delete            //在源服务器上做的删除操作也会在目标服务器上同步

服务器类型	IP地址	应用	操作系统
源服务器	192.168.64.128	rsync inotify-tools脚本	centos8.5/redhat8.5
目标服务器	192.168.64.129	rsync	centos8.5/redhat8.5

在目标服务器做一下操作
安装rsync服务端软件

[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install rsync
Waiting for process with pid 1992 to finish.
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:22 ago on Fri 23 Sep 2022 10:12:51 AM CST.
Package rsync-3.1.3-12.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!

[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install rsync-daemon
Last metadata expiration check: 0:33:27 ago on Fri 23 Sep 2022 10:12:51 AM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
=====================================================================
 Package            Architecture Version            Repository  Size
=====================================================================
Installing:
 rsync-daemon       noarch       3.1.3-12.el8       base        43 k

关闭防火墙与SELINUX

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]# getenforce
Enforcing
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux

设置rsyncd.conf配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/rsyncd.conf 
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log    # 日志文件位置，启动rsync后自动产生这个文件，无需提前创建
pidfile = /var/run/rsyncd.pid     # pid文件的存放位置
lock file = /var/run/rsync.lock   # 支持max connections参数的锁文件
secrets file = /etc/rsync.pass    # 用户认证配置文件，里面保存用户名称和密码，必须手动创建这个文件

[etc_from_client]     # 自定义同步名称
path = /tmp/          # rsync服务端数据存放路径，客户端的数据将同步至此目录
comment = sync etc from client
uid = root        # 设置rsync运行权限为root
gid = root        # 设置rsync运行权限为root
port = 873        # 默认端口
ignore errors     # 表示出现错误忽略错误
use chroot = no       # 默认为true，修改为no，增加对目录文件软连接的备份
read only = no    # 设置rsync服务端为读写权限
list = no     # 不显示rsync服务端资源列表
max connections = 200     # 最大连接数
timeout = 600     # 设置超时时间
auth users = admin        # 执行数据同步的用户名，可以设置多个，用英文状态下逗号隔开
hosts allow = 172.16.12.128   # 允许进行数据同步的客户端IP地址，可以设置多个，用英文状态下逗号隔开
hosts deny = 192.168.1.1      # 禁止数据同步的客户端IP地址，可以设置多个，用英文状态下逗号隔开
[root@localhost ~]#

创建用户认证文件

[root@localhost ~]# echo 'admin:123456' > /etc/rsync.pass
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/rsync.pass 
admin:123456

设置文件权限

[root@localhost ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.pass 
[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/rsync.pass 
-rw-------. 1 root root 13 Sep 23 10:44 /etc/rsync.pass

启动rsync服务并设置开机自启动

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now rsyncd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status rsyncd
● rsyncd.service - fast remote file copy program daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service; enabled; >
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2022-09-23 10:47:32 CST; 23s a>
 Main PID: 34172 (rsync)
    Tasks: 1 (limit: 23500)
   Memory: 304.0K
   CGroup: /system.slice/rsyncd.service
           └─34172 /usr/bin/rsync --daemon --no-detach

Sep 23 10:47:32 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started fast remot>

在源服务器上做以下操作
安装rsync

[root@yuan ~]# dnf -y install rsync
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Base - mirrors.ali  18 kB/s | 3.9 kB     00:00    
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Extras - mirrors.a  10 kB/s | 1.5 kB     00:00    
CentOS-8.5.2111 - AppStream - mirror  41 kB/s | 4.3 kB     00:00    
Package rsync-3.1.3-12.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!

关闭防火墙与SELINUX

配置yum源

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

创建认证密码文件

[root@yuan ~]# echo '123456' > /etc/rsync.pass
[root@yuan ~]# cat /etc/rsync.pass
123456

设置文件权限，只设置文件所有者具有读取、写入权限即可

[root@yuan ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.pass
[root@yuan ~]# ll /etc/rsync.pass
-rw-------. 1 root root 7 Sep 23 10:52 /etc/rsync.pass
[root@yuan ~]#

在源服务器上创建测试目录，然后在源服务器运行以下命令

[root@yuan ~]# rsync -avH --port 873 --progress --delete /root/etc/ admin@192.168.64.129::etc_from_client --password-file=/etc/rsync.pass
sending incremental file list
deleting systemd-private-d469af3f9a264a9cad5728dc95cfd7ea-chronyd.service-bvZGhf/tmp/
deleting systemd-private-d469af3f9a264a9cad5728dc95cfd7ea-chronyd.service-bvZGhf/
deleting abc/
./
test/

sent 75 bytes  received 191 bytes  177.33 bytes/sec
total size is 0  speedup is 0.00
[root@yuan ~]#

运行完成后，在目标服务器上查看，在/tmp目录下有test目录，说明数据同步成功

[root@localhost ~]# ls /tmp/
test
[root@localhost ~]#

源服务器上
安装inotify-tools工具，实时触发rsync进行同步
查看服务器内核是否支持inotify

[root@yuan ~]# dnf -y install epel-release
Last metadata expiration check: 0:23:57 ago on Fri 23 Sep 2022 10:33:51 AM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
=====================================================================
 Package            Architecture Version          Repository    Size
=====================================================================
Installing:
 epel-release       noarch       8-11.el8         extras        24 k
...

[root@yuan ~]# dnf -y install inotify-tools
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:22 ago on Fri 23 Sep 2022 11:00:14 AM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
=====================================================================
 Package             Architecture Version           Repository  Size
=====================================================================
Installing:
 inotify-tools       x86_64       3.14-19.el8       epel        57 k
...

写同步脚本，此步乃最最重要的一步，请慎之又慎。让脚本自动去检测我们制定的目录下
文件发生的变化，然后再执行rsync的命令把它同步到我们的服务器端去

[root@yuan ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@yuan ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@yuan scripts]# touch inotify.sh
[root@yuan scripts]# chmod +x inotify.sh
[root@yuan scripts]# ll
total 0
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 0 Sep 23 11:02 inotify.sh

[root@yuan scripts]# cat inotify.sh 
host=192.168.64.129
src=/etc
des=etc_from_client
password=/etc/rsync.pass
user=admin
inotifywait=/usr/bin/inotifywait

$inotifywait -mrq --timefmt '%Y%m%d %H:%M' --format '%T %w%f%e' -e modify,delete,create,attrib $src \
| while read files;do
    rsync -avzP --delete  --timeout=100 --password-file=${password} $src $user@$host::$des
    echo "${files} was rsynced" >>/tmp/rsync.log 2>&1
done
[root@yuan scripts]# 

```
设置脚本开机自动启动
```
[root@yuan ~]# ll /etc/rc.local 
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Oct  5  2021 /etc/rc.local -> rc.d/rc.local
[root@yuan ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local 
[root@yuan ~]# ll /etc/rc.d/rc.local
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 474 Oct  5  2021 /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@yuan ~]# vim /etc/rc.local 
[root@yuan ~]# cat /etc/rc.local 
#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.

nohup /bin/bash /scripts/inotify.sh		//添加一个这个
touch /var/lock/subsys/local

```
启动脚本
```
[root@yuan ~]# /scripts/inotify.sh &
[1] 34084
[root@yuan ~]# ps -ef |grep inotify
root       34085   34084  0 11:13 pts/1    00:00:00 /usr/bin/inotifywait -mrq --timefmt %Y%m%d %H:%M --format %T %w%f%e -e modify,delete,create,attrib /etc
root       34098    1908  0 11:14 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto inotify

```
在源服务器上生成一个新文件
```
[root@yuan ~]# touch /etc/123
[root@localhost tmp]# ls
etc  test
[root@localhost tmp]# ls etc/
123                       motd

```
重启之后在看看是不是真的开机自启
```
[root@yuan ~]# ps -ef | grep inotify
root        1014    1010  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 /bin/bash /scripts/inotify.sh
root        1026    1014  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/inotifywait -mrq --timefmt %Y%m%d %H:%M --format %T %w%f%e -e modify,delete,create,attrib /etc
root        1027    1014  0 11:17 ?        00:00:00 /bin/bash /scripts/inotify.sh
root        1607    1583  0 11:18 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto inotify
[root@yuan ~]# 

[root@yuan ~]# echo 'hello world' > /etc/abc
[root@yuan ~]# sending incremental file list
etc/
etc/abc
             12 100%    0.00kB/s    0:00:00 (xfr#1, to-chk=1109/1118)
etc/resolv.conf
             73 100%   71.29kB/s    0:00:00 (xfr#2, to-chk=1022/1118)
etc/tuned/active_profile
             14 100%    1.52kB/s    0:00:00 (xfr#3, to-chk=52/1118)
etc/tuned/post_loaded_profile
              0 100%    0.00kB/s    0:00:00 (xfr#4, to-chk=50/1118)
etc/tuned/profile_mode
              5 100%    0.54kB/s    0:00:00 (xfr#5, to-chk=49/1118)

sent 36,615 bytes  received 451 bytes  74,132.00 bytes/sec
total size is 24,908,580  speedup is 672.01

[root@yuan ~]# echo 'hello tmp' > /etc/abc
[root@yuan ~]# sending incremental file list
etc/abc
             10 100%    0.00kB/s    0:00:00 (xfr#1, to-chk=1109/1118)

sent 36,457 bytes  received 354 bytes  73,622.00 bytes/sec
total size is 24,908,578  speedup is 676.66

[root@yuan ~]# rm -f /etc/abc
[root@yuan ~]# sending incremental file list
deleting etc/abc
etc/

sent 36,396 bytes  received 347 bytes  73,486.00 bytes/sec
total size is 24,908,568  speedup is 677.91

[root@localhost tmp]# cat etc/abc 
hello world
[root@localhost tmp]# cat etc/abc 
hello tmp
[root@localhost tmp]# cat etc/abc 
cat: etc/abc: No such file or directory

```