Liunx进程间通信——共享内存

无亲缘关系的进程间进行通信在shmget中不能使用IPC_PRIVATE，这样创建的shmid都是0，只能用于有亲缘关系的进程。无亲缘关系的只能通过ftok创建一个key值来用。

但是两个进程间通过kill发送信号需要知道pid号，只能是先server创建，将自己的pid存到共享内存中，然后client读取共享内存中server的pid，再将client的pid存到共享内存，server再读取。

server

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <signal.h>

struct mybuf
{
    int pid;
    char buf[124];
};

void myfun(int signum)
{
    return;
}

int main()
{
    int shmid;
    int key;
    struct mybuf *p;
    int pid;
    key = ftok("a.c", 'a');
    if (key < 0)
    {
        printf("cerat key error\n");
        return -1;
    }
    printf("creat key successfully\n");

    shmid = shmget(key, 128, IPC_CREAT |0777);
    if (shmid < 0)
    {
        printf("cerat shm error\n");
        return -2;
    }
    printf("creat shm successfully, shmid = %d\n", shmid);

    signal(SIGUSR2,myfun); //要对client来的2信号进行处理，不处理的话默认终止
    p = (struct mybuf *)shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
    if (p == NULL)
    {
        printf("shmat error\n");
        return -3;
    }


    p->pid = getpid(); //write server pid to share memory

    pause(); //wait client read server pid

    pid = p->pid;
    

    while(1)
    {
        
        printf("client process start write share memory\n");
        fgets(p->buf, 128, stdin);
        kill(pid, SIGUSR1); //client process read data
        pause(); //wait client process read
    }

    shmdt(p);
    shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
    system("ipcs -m");

    return 0;
}

client 

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <signal.h>

struct mybuf
{
    int pid;
    char buf[124];
};

void myfun(int signum)
{
    return;
}

int main()
{
    int shmid;
    int key;
    struct mybuf *p;
    int pid;
    key = ftok("a.c", 'a');
    if (key < 0)
    {
        printf("cerat key error\n");
        return -1;
    }
    printf("creat key successfully\n");

    shmid = shmget(key, 128, IPC_CREAT |0777);
    if (shmid < 0)
    {
        printf("cerat shm error\n");
        return -2;
    }
    printf("creat shm successfully, shmid = %d\n", shmid);

    signal(SIGUSR1,myfun);//要对server来的1信号进行处理
    p = (struct mybuf *)shmat(shmid, NULL, 0);
    if (p == NULL)
    {
        printf("shmat error\n");
        return -3;
    }

    pid = p->pid; //read server pid
    p->pid = getpid(); //write client pid

    kill(pid, SIGUSR2); //


    while(1)
    {
        pause(); //wait server write data
        printf("client process start read share memory:%s", p->buf);
        kill(pid, SIGUSR2);
        
    }

    shmdt(p);
    shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL);
    system("ipcs -m");

    return 0;
}