mysql传统主从同步(主从复制)

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-22 14:36:59 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-22 14:36:59 发布

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分类专栏： # MYSQL 文章标签： mysql 数据库

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_62755217/article/details/132569238

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什么是主从同步(主从复制)

MySQL主从同步（MySQL Replication）是MySQL服务器的一个常用特性，它能够将MySQL服务器数据自动同步到其他MySQL服务器上，从而实现数据备份和负载均衡的功能。在实际应用中，MySQL主从同步可以用于实现高可用、灾备转移、读写分离等。

准备工作

1.至少准备好两台linux服务器

2.安装好mysql（mysql版本要一致，我用的5.7.43）

在mysql中查询版本是否一致
mysql> show variables like '%version%';
+-------------------------+------------------------------+
| Variable_name           | Value                        |
+-------------------------+------------------------------+
| innodb_version          | 5.7.43                       |
| protocol_version        | 10                           |
| slave_type_conversions  |                              |
| tls_version             | TLSv1,TLSv1.1,TLSv1.2        |
| version                 | 5.7.43                       |
| version_comment         | MySQL Community Server (GPL) |
| version_compile_machine | x86_64                       |
| version_compile_os      | Linux                        |
+-------------------------+------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

主服务器的配置

编写主服务器mysql的配置 /etc/my.cnf

#服务名称
[mysqld]
#数据库唯一ID，主从的标识号绝对不能重复。
server-id=1
#开启bin-log，并指定文件目录和文件名前缀
log-bin=mysql-bin
#需要同步哪一个数据库。如果是多个同步库，就以此格式另写几行即可。如果不指明对某个具体库同步，就去掉此行，表示同步所有库(除了ignore忽略的库)。
#binlog-do-db=test666
#不同步mysql系统数据库。如果是多个不同步库，就以此格式另写几行；也可以在一行，中间逗号隔开。
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
＃确保binlog日志写入后与硬盘同步
sync_binlog=1
#数据存储路径
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
#指定套接字文件位置
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
#是否支持符号链接(0为不开启)
symbolic-links=0
#指定错误路径的存放路径
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
#为 mysqld 程序指定一个存放进程 ID 的文件
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
#忽略大小写
lower_case_table_names=1

编写完成后一定要重启一下mysql服务让配置生效；

创建授权用户

#grant replication slave: 表示授予复制从服务器的权限。
#on *.*: 表示在所有数据库和所有表上执行授权操作。
#to slave@"192.168.100.%": 表示将权限授予用户名为"slave"的用户，该用户可以从IP地址以"192.168.100."开头的任何主机连接到MySQL服务器。
#identified by "Mysql@2023": 表示指定了用户的密码。在这种情况下，密码为"Mysql@2023"。
#由于密码策略的问题密码需要设置复杂一点，或者修改密码策略，修改后使用flush privileges;命令刷新一下
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
#我这里依旧使用的复杂密码
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to slave@"192.168.100.%" identified by "Mysql@2023";
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

授权成功后，查看主从状态

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 |      450 |              | mysql            |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

查看二进制日志文件，这就是二进制文件存放的路径

[root@localhost ~]# find / -name mysql-bin*
/var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000001

查看 MySQL 二进制日志文件中的事件

show binlog events\G

从服务器的配置

编写从服务器mysql的配置 /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id=2
symbolic-links=0
lower_case_table_names=1
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

修改好配置文件后，重启mysql服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

在主服务器中查看mysql的主库状态

mysql> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
             File: mysql-bin.000003
         Position: 900
     Binlog_Do_DB: 
 Binlog_Ignore_DB: mysql
Executed_Gtid_Set: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

登录从服务器的mysql，并实行同步命令（）

mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.100.151',master_user='slave',master_password='Mysql@2023',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',master_log_pos=900;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

注意：

master_host指从服务器的ip地址

master_user指主库授权给从库的账号也就是slave

master_password指密码

master_log_file 就是刚刚查询主库时，file文件的路径

master_log_pos就是position的值

配置完成后查看从库状态

mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.100.151
                  Master_User: slave
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 900
               Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 320
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 900
              Relay_Log_Space: 531
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: 96ff636a-4b0e-11ee-aa71-000c29fd5cdc
             Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

如果正常的话，下面两个的值是yes状态，不正常就说明有问题

最后测试一下

登陆mysql数据库，并创建数据库以及测试的表，数据库名称为test666，表名为table666；

#登陆mysql
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pMysql2023
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pMysql@2023
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.43-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
#创建一个名为test666的数据库
mysql> create database test666;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
#使用这个名为test66的库
mysql> use test666;
Database changed
#在这个库中创建一个名为table666的表，后面则是字段
mysql> CREATE TABLE table666(bTypeId int,bName char(16),price int,publishing char(16));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO table666(bTypeId,bName,price,publishing) VALUES('1','Linux','66','DZ');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO table666(bTypeId,bName,price,publishing) VALUES('2','CLD','68','RM');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO table666(bTypeId,bName,price,publishing) VALUES('3','SYS','90','JX');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO table666(bTypeId,bName,price,publishing) VALUES('4','MySQL1','71','QH');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO table666(bTypeId,bName,price,publishing) VALUES('5','MySQL2','72','QH');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO table666(bTypeId,bName,price,publishing) VALUES('6','MySQL3','73','QH');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from table666;
+---------+--------+-------+------------+
| bTypeId | bName  | price | publishing |
+---------+--------+-------+------------+
|       1 | Linux  |    66 | DZ         |
|       2 | CLD    |    68 | RM         |
|       3 | SYS    |    90 | JX         |
|       4 | MySQL1 |    71 | QH         |
|       5 | MySQL2 |    72 | QH         |
|       6 | MySQL3 |    73 | QH         |
+---------+--------+-------+------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

备份需要同步的数据，导出数据库并传给从服务器

#执行备份，将test666数据库备份到当前目录下，名称为test.sql
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pMysql@2023 -B test666 > test.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  test.sql
#scp命令将数据传给从服务器
[root@localhost ~]# scp  test.sql 192.168.100.150:/root
The authenticity of host '192.168.100.150 (192.168.100.150)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:AzgJOeT5BDkY6L7Py/lEvvK+9kEEqPBrx9XvWMglHZk.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:55:f1:99:15:47:2b:6b:af:5e:5c:95:bb:28:c8:47:00.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.100.150' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
#输入服务器root账号的密码
root@192.168.100.150's password: 
test.sql                                                                           100% 2336     2.2MB/s   00:00

接下来可以在从服务器的根目录下看到此文件

[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  testdb.sql

从服务器导入备份文件

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pMysql@2023 < test.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

从服务器登陆mysql查看数据

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pMysql@2023
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.43 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| test666            |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> use test666;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_test666 |
+-------------------+
| table666          |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from table666;
+---------+--------+-------+------------+
| bTypeId | bName  | price | publishing |
+---------+--------+-------+------------+
|       1 | Linux  |    66 | DZ         |
|       2 | CLD    |    68 | RM         |
|       3 | SYS    |    90 | JX         |
|       4 | MySQL1 |    71 | QH         |
|       5 | MySQL2 |    72 | QH         |
|       6 | MySQL3 |    73 | QH         |
+---------+--------+-------+------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

到主库的表中去添加内容

mysql> INSERT INTO table666(bTypeId,bName,price,publishing) VALUES('7','MySQL3','74','QH');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

上从库查询一下内容是否有更新

mysql> select * from table666;
+---------+--------+-------+------------+
| bTypeId | bName  | price | publishing |
+---------+--------+-------+------------+
|       1 | Linux  |    66 | DZ         |
|       2 | CLD    |    68 | RM         |
|       3 | SYS    |    90 | JX         |
|       4 | MySQL1 |    71 | QH         |
|       5 | MySQL2 |    72 | QH         |
|       6 | MySQL3 |    73 | QH         |
|       7 | MySQL3 |    74 | QH         |
+---------+--------+-------+------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

从这里可以看出从库中的内容也更新了。

到这里主从同步(复制)就完成了。

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mysql传统主从同步(主从复制)

MySQL主从同步（MySQL Replication）是MySQL服务器的一个常用特性，它能够将MySQL服务器数据自动同步到其他MySQL服务器上，从而实现数据备份和负载均衡的功能。在实际应用中，MySQL主从同步可以用于实现高可用、灾备转移、读写分离等。登陆mysql数据库，并创建数据库以及测试的表，数据库名称为test666，表名为table666；#登陆mysqlor \g.owners.Type 'help;#创建一个名为test666的数据库#使用这个名为test66的库。
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