《microservice design》

一、原文：

SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) is a design approach that breaks down a large software application into multiple independent services, which collaborate to provide a series of specific functionalities. Each service typically exists as a separate entity within an operating system process and communicates with other services via network calls instead of in-process invocations.

Over time, it has been recognized that SOA can effectively address bulky monolithic applications, thereby enhancing software reusability and scalability. For instance, multiple end-user applications can share the same service, eliminating the need for redundant development and maintenance. Additionally, the goal of SOA is to transparently replace a service without impacting others, as long as the external interface of the replacement service remains largely unchanged. This characteristic greatly simplifies software maintenance and even rewriting processes.

The advantages of SOA extend beyond decomposing a complex and massive software application into smaller, more manageable components. It also improves software reliability and security. While implementing SOA requires certain technical expertise and resource investment, it presents an appealing option for organizations aiming to build large-scale, highly available, and scalable software systems.

二、翻译：

SOA（面向服务的架构）是一种设计方法，它将一个大型的软件应用程序分解成多个独立的服务，这些服务通过协同合作最终实现一系列特定的功能。每个服务通常以独立的形式存在于操作系统进程中，并使用网络调用来实现服务之间的通信，而不是采用同一进程内部的调用方式。 随着时间的推移，人们逐渐认识到SOA可以应对庞大的单块应用程序，从而提高软件的可重用性和可扩展性。例如，多个终端用户应用程序可以共享同一个服务，避免了重复开发和维护。此外，SOA 的目标是在不影响其他人的情况下，能够透明地替换一个服务。只要替换后的服务的外部接口没有太大变化，就可以实现无缝替换，从而简化了软件维护和重写的过程。 SOA的优势不仅在于它可以将一个庞大而复杂的软件应用程序分解成更小、更容易管理的组件，同时还可以提高软件的可靠性和安全性。尽管SOA需要一定的技术和资源投入，但对于那些需要构建大规模、高可用性和可扩展性软件系统的组织，SOA是一个非常有吸引力的选项。