Java网络编程：IP、端口号、TCP（三次握手、四次挥手）、UDP、URL

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-15 17:38:02 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-10-15 17:38:02 发布

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分类专栏： JavaSE 文章标签：网络 java tcp/ip

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_63104578/article/details/125935176

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package com.atguigu.java;

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

/**
 * 一：网络编程中有两个主要的问题：
 *如何准确地定位网络上一台或多台主机；定位主机上的特定的应用
 *找到主机后如何可靠高效地进行数据传输
 *
 * 二：网络编程中的两个要素：
 * 1.对应问题一：IP和端口号
 * 2.对应问题二：提供网络传输协议：TCP/IP参考模型（应用层、传输层、网络层、物理 + 数据链路层）
 *
 * 三、通信要素一：IP和端口号
 * 1.IP：唯一的标识Internet上的计算机（通信实体）
 *
 * 2.在Java中使用InetAddress类代表IP
 *
 * 3.IP分类：IPv4 IPv6 ;万维网 局域网
 *
 * 4.域名：www.baidu.com  www.mi.com www.xinlang.com
 *
 * 5.本地回路地址：127.0.0.1  对应着:localhost
 *
 * 6.如何实例化InetAddress：两个方法getByName(String host) getLocalHost()
 *       常用方法：getHostName(),getHostAddress()
 *
 * 7.端口号：用于区分计算机中不同的进程，不同的进程应该有不同的端口号 0~65535
 *
 * 8.端口号与IP地址的组合得出一个网络套接字：Socket。
 *
 * @author
 * @create 2022-07-22 12:43
 */
public class InetAddressTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException {
        InetAddress inet1 = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.10.14");
        System.out.println(inet1);

        InetAddress inet2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.atguigu.com");
        System.out.println(inet2);

        InetAddress inet3 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
        System.out.println(inet3);

        //直接获取本机IP地址：
        InetAddress localHost = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
        System.out.println(localHost);

        //getHostName()
        System.out.println(inet2.getHostName());

        //getHostAddress()
        System.out.println(inet2.getHostAddress());
    }

}

package com.atguigu.java1;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * 实现TCP网络编程
 * 例子1：客户端发送信息给服务端，服务端将信息显示在控制台上
 *
 *
 * @author
 * @create 2022-07-22 13:55
 */
public class TCPTest1 {
    //客户端
    @Test
    public void client()  {

        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        try {
            //1.创建Socket对象，指明服务器端的ip和端口号
            InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            socket = new Socket(inet, 8899);
            //2.获取一个输出流，用于输出数据
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            //3.写出数据
            os.write("你好我是客户端".getBytes());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //4.关闭资源
            if(socket != null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(os != null){
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    //服务端
    @Test
    public void sever() {
        ServerSocket ss = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
        try {
            //1.创建服务器端的ServerSocket，指明自己的端口号
            ss = new ServerSocket(8899);
            //2.调用accept()表明可以接收来自客户端的socket
            socket = ss.accept();
            //3.获取输入流
            is = socket.getInputStream();
            //不建议这样写，可能会出现乱码
//        byte[] buffer = new byte[20];
//        int len;
//        while (-1 != (len = is.read(buffer))) {
//            String str = new String(buffer,0,len);
//            System.out.print(str);
//        }
            //4.读取输入流的数据
            baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] buffer = new byte[5];
            int len;
            while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                baos.write(buffer,0,len);
            }
            System.out.println(baos.toString());
            System.out.println("收到了来自于：" + socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress() + "的信息");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //5.关闭资源
            if (baos != null) {
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (is != null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (ss != null) {
                try {
                    ss.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

package com.atguigu.java1;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 *
 *
 * 实现TCP网络编程
 * 例子2：客户端发送信息给服务端，服务端将文件保存在本地
 * @author
 * @create 2022-07-22 14:36
 */
public class TCPTest2 {
    //客户端
    @Test
    public void client() throws IOException {
        //1.造Socket
        InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
        Socket socket = new Socket(inetAddress, 1234);
        //2.获取一个输出流
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        //3.获取一个输入流
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("润泽.jpg");
        //4.读写的过程
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        //5.资源的关闭
        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }

    //服务器端
    @Test
    public void server() throws IOException {
        //1.造ServerSocket
        ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(1234);
        //2.得到客户端的Socket
        Socket socket = ss.accept();
        //3.获取客户端的输入流
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        //4.创建本地的文件资源，并创建输出流
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("润泽4.jpg"));
        //5.读写的过程
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        //6.资源的关闭
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        ss.close();
    }
}

package com.atguigu.java1;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * @author
 * @create 2022-07-22 15:01
 */
public class TCPTest3 {
    //客户端
    @Test
    public void client() throws IOException {
        //1.造Socket
        InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
        Socket socket = new Socket(inetAddress, 1234);
        //2.获取一个输出流
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        //3.获取一个输入流
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("润泽.jpg");
        //4.读写的过程
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        socket.shutdownOutput();
        //6.接收来自于客户端反馈，并显示到控制台上
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] bufferr = new byte[1024];
        int len1;
        while ((len1 = is.read(bufferr)) != -1) {
            baos.write(bufferr,0,len1);
        }
        System.out.println(baos.toString());

        //5.资源的关闭
        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
        baos.close();
    }

    //服务器端
    @Test
    public void server() throws IOException {
        //1.造ServerSocket
        ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(1234);
        //2.得到客户端的Socket
        Socket socket = ss.accept();
        //3.获取客户端的输入流
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        //4.创建本地的文件资源，并创建输出流
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("润泽5.jpg"));
        //5.读写的过程
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        System.out.println("图片传输完成");
        //6.服务端给客户端反馈
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("你好".getBytes());
        //6.资源的关闭
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        ss.close();
        os.close();
    }
}

package com.atguigu.java1;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.*;

/**
 * UDP协议的网络编程
 *
 *
 * @author
 * @create 2022-07-22 15:40
 */
public class UDPTest {

    //发送端
    @Test
    public void sender() throws IOException {

        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();

        String str = "我是UDP方式发送的导弹";
        byte[] data = str.getBytes();
        InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();


        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(data,0,data.length,inet,9090);

        socket.send(packet);

        socket.close();

    }


    //接收端
    @Test
    public void receiver() throws IOException {

        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);//指明一下端口号

        byte[] buffer = new byte[100];

        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);

        socket.receive(packet);

        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));

        socket.close();
    }
}

package com.atguigu.java1;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

/**
 * URL网络编程：
 * 1.URL：统一资源定位符，对应着互联网的某一资源地址
 * 2.格式：
 * http://localhost:8080/examples/beauty.jpg？username = Tom
 * 协议    主机名    端口号  具体资源地址       参数列表
 *
 *
 * @author
 * @create 2022-07-22 16:03
 */
public class URLTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {

        URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/examples/beauty.jpg");

//        public String getProtocol( ) 获取该URL的协议名
        System.out.println("getProtocol() :"+url.getProtocol());
//        public String getHost( ) 获取该URL的主机名
        System.out.println("getHost() :"+url.getHost());
//        public String getPort( ) 获取该URL的端口号
        System.out.println("getPort() :"+url.getPort());
//        public String getPath( ) 获取该URL的文件路径
        System.out.println("getPath() :"+url.getPath());
//        public String getFile( ) 获取该URL的文件名
        System.out.println("getFile() :"+url.getFile());
//        public String getQuery( ) 获取该URL的查询名
        System.out.println("getQuery() :"+url.getQuery());

    }
}

package com.atguigu.java1;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

/**
 * @author 李长勇
 * @create 2022-07-22 16:12
 */
public class URLTest1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        try {
            URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/examples/beauty.jpg");

            urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();

            urlConnection.connect();

            is = urlConnection.getInputStream();

            fos = new FileOutputStream("beauty.jpg");

            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                fos.write(buffer,0,len);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (fos != null) {
                try {
                    fos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (is != null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (urlConnection != null) {
                urlConnection.disconnect();
            }
        }
    }
}