1.Scanner类的方法中,next()与nextLine()有什么区别?在使用的时候需要注意什么?
next()遇到空格、制表符、回车就停止,当然nextInt、Double()也是如此。
nextline()只会在按回车的时候停止。
使用请注意:
scanner.nextLine()最好不要和其他键盘录入混用:比如nextLine()会存储着next()未能接收的字符
下面是错误使用案例:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
//输入1:第一段字符串 第二段字符串,前面还有一个空格
//输入2:第一段字符串,第二段是一个回车符 回车
String str1=scanner.next();
System.out.println(str1);
String str2=scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println(str2);
}
}
输出结果一:
输出结果二:
2.文字版格斗游戏代码
测试类:
public class GameTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//初始化变量
Role role1 = new Role("小军", 100,'女');
Role role2 = new Role("小红", 100,'男');
//展示角色信息
role1.showRoleInfo();
role2.showRoleInfo();
//进行战斗
while (true) {
role1.attack(role2);
if (role2.getHP() == 0) {
System.out.println(role1.getName() + "击败了" + role2.getName());
break;
}
role2.attack(role1);
if (role1.getHP() == 0) {
System.out.println(role2.getName() + "击败了" + role1.getName());
break;
}
}
}
}
JavaBean类:
//该练习需要掌握的地方:
// 学会在数组中存储数据,并且存放%s用于printf的打印
//在构造方法中使用Set变量方法构造随机的成员变量
//在javaBean的方法中尽量使用.get与.set方法获取和改变成员变量
//角色类:存放变量,构造方法,GetSet方法,展示信息方法,战斗方法
public class Role {
private String name;
private int HP;
private char gender;
private String face;
String[] boyFaces = {"风流俊雅","气宇轩昂","相貌英俊","五官端正","相貌平平","一塌糊涂","面目狰狞"};
String[] girlFaces ={"美奂绝伦","沉鱼落雁","婷婷玉立","身材娇好","相貌平平","相貌简陋","惨不忍睹"};
String[] attacks_desc={
"%s使出了一招【背心钉】,转到对方的身后,一掌向%s背心的灵台穴拍去。",
"%s使出了一招【游空探爪】,飞起身形自半空中变掌为抓锁向%s。",
"%s大喝一声,身形下伏,一招【劈雷坠地】,捶向%s双腿。",
"%s运气于掌,一瞬间掌心变得血红,一式【掌心雷】,推向%s。",
"%s阴手翻起阳手跟进,一招【没遮拦】,结结实实的捶向%s。",
"%s上步抢身,招中套招,一招【劈挂连环】,连环攻向%s。"
};
String[] injured_desc={
"结果%s退了半步,毫发无损",
"结果给%s造成一处瘀伤",
"结果一击命中,%s痛得弯下腰",
"结果%s痛苦地闷哼了一声,显然受了点内伤",
"结果%s摇摇晃晃,一跤摔倒在地",
"结果%s脸色一下变得惨白,连退了好几步",
"结果『轰』的一声,%s口中鲜血狂喷而出",
"结果%s一声惨叫,像滩软泥般塌了下去"
};
//构造方法
public Role() {
}
public Role(String name, int HP,char gender) {
this.setName(name);
this.setHP(HP);
this.setGender(gender);
this.setFace();
}
public String getName() { return name; }
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getHP() {
return HP;
}
public void setHP(int HP) {
this.HP = HP;
}
public char getGender() { return gender; }
public void setGender(char gender) {this.gender = gender; }
public String getFace() {return face;}
public void setFace() {
Random random=new Random();
if(this.gender=='男'){
int index=random.nextInt(boyFaces.length);
this.face= boyFaces[index];
}else {
int index=random.nextInt(girlFaces.length);
this.face= girlFaces[index];
}
}
public void showRoleInfo(){
System.out.println(this.getName()+" "+this.getGender()+" "+this.getFace());
}
public void attack(Role role) {
//如果我写的话会写两个对象参数,忘记了用this.可以获取使用者方法者的地址,这里学习一下黑马的写法
Random random = new Random();
//打斗数值描述:取随机伤害,并且限定数值范围
int hurt = random.nextInt(20) + 1;
int remainBlood = role.getHP() - hurt;
remainBlood = remainBlood < 0 ? 0 : remainBlood;
role.setHP(remainBlood);
System.out.println(this.getName() + "攻击力" + role.getName() + "造成了" + hurt + "点伤害。"+role.getName() + "剩余血量为" + role.getHP());
//打斗详情描述:攻击用随机招数,受伤根据血量判断
int attack=random.nextInt(attacks_desc.length);
System.out.printf(attacks_desc[attack],this.getName(),role.getName());
if(remainBlood>=90){
System.out.printf(injured_desc[0],role.getName());
}else if(remainBlood>=80){
System.out.printf(injured_desc[1],role.getName());
}else if(remainBlood>=70){
System.out.printf(injured_desc[2],role.getName());
}else if(remainBlood>=60){
System.out.printf(injured_desc[3],role.getName());
}else if(remainBlood>=40){
System.out.printf(injured_desc[4],role.getName());
}else if(remainBlood>=20){
System.out.printf(injured_desc[5],role.getName());
}else if(remainBlood>=10){
System.out.printf(injured_desc[6],role.getName());
} else{
System.out.printf(injured_desc[7],role.getName());
}
System.out.println();
}
}
测试结果:
3. 定义数组存储两部汽车对象,创建两个汽车对象,通过键盘录入把数据存储到数组当中
测试类:
public class CarTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
Car[] cars=new Car[2];
//在用数组声明对象的时候并没有在内存中创建多个对象,只是声明了要存储的对象类型与个数
System.out.println(cars);
System.out.println(cars[0]);
for (int i = 0; i < cars.length; i++) {
Car car=new Car();//车对象不能写在循环外边
System.out.println("请输入价格:");
int price=scanner.nextInt();
car.setPrice(price);
System.out.println("请输入品牌:");
String brand=scanner.next();
car.setBrand(brand);
System.out.println("请输入颜色:");
String color=scanner.next();
car.setColor(color);
cars[i]=car;
}
for (int i = 0; i < cars.length; i++) {
System.out.println(cars[i]);
}
}
}
JavaBean类:
public class Car {
private int price;
private String brand;
private String color;
public Car() {
}
public Car(int price, String brand, String color) {
this.price = price;
this.brand = brand;
this.color = color;
}
public int getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(int price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getBrand() {
return brand;
}
public void setBrand(String brand) {
this.brand = brand;
}
public String getColor() {
return color;
}
public void setColor(String color) {
this.color = color;
}
public String toString() {
return "Car{price = " + price + ", brand = " + brand + ", color = " + color + "}";
}
}
4.创建长度为三的学生对象数组,并且创建对象放入数组 ,再次创建对象并且放入数组,其中需要判断id是否重复,数组是否已满,最后遍历数组中的所有对象
本练习中有三点需要注意:
问题一:对象数组中遇到空对象不能遍历,并且报错。这里使用了一个非空判断来解决问题,而且下面的静态函数有很多都用到了非空判断。 问题二:数组容量不够的时候,老师这里的练习是要开辟新数组并且复制旧数组到新数组(因为这是新手练习),我觉得这种写法不太好,不如C语言中的链表,这个知识点到后面再学习。 问题三:视频中第四题第五题,老师用的是获取下标再更改数据,但是由于这里的id不是字符串类型,直接用属性id去获取数组中的对象也可以,我没有做这两问,不过这个思路是一定要知道的。
测试类:
public class StudentTest {
//创建长度为三的学生对象数组,并且创建对象放入数组
//再次创建对象并且放入数组,其中得判断id是否重复,数组是否已满,最后打印
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student[] students=new Student[3];
Student student1=new Student(1,"zimo",20);
Student student2=new Student(2,"baiyi",20);
Student student3=new Student(3,"yutian",20);
students[0]=student1;
students[1]=student2;
students[2]=student3;
Student student4=new Student(4,"sale",20);
boolean flag = contains(students,student4.getId());
int count=getCount(students);
if(flag){//id重复
System.out.println("当前id重复");
}else{//id不重复
if(students.length==count){//数组长度到达最大,创建新数组并替换旧数组
Student[] newStudents=createNew(students);
students=newStudents;
students[count]=student4;
print(students);
}else{//数组长度未达到最大
students[count]=student4;
print(students);
}
}
}
public static boolean contains(Student[] students,int id){
//判断对象数组中是否有对象有某id的
for (int i = 0; i < students.length; i++) {
if (students[i]!=null){
if(students[i].getId()==id){
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
public static int getCount(Student[] students){
//计算对象数组中的对象个数
int count=0;
for (int i = 0; i < students.length; i++){
if(students[i]!=null){
count++;
}
}
return count;
}
public static Student[] createNew(Student[] students){
//创建比原先对象数组多一个位置的新对象数组并且赋值
Student[] arr=new Student[students.length+1];
for (int i = 0; i < students.length; i++) {
arr[i]=students[i];
}
return arr;
}
public static void print(Student[] students){
//打印对象数组
for (int i = 0; i < students.length; i++) {
if (students[i]!=null){
System.out.println(students[i]);
}
}
}
}
JavaBean类:
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
public Student() {}
public Student(int id, String name, int age) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String toString() {
return "Student{id = " + id + ", name = " + name + ", age = " + age + "}";
}
}