linux系统中启动ES报错(Exception in thread “main“ java.nio.file.AccessDeniedException:)

1. 确保以普通用户的身份运行

首先要明白Elasticsearch 不允许以 root 用户身份运行，需要以非 root 用户身份运行，这是为了避免潜在的安全风险。root 用户具有系统的完全控制权，如果 Elasticsearch 以 root 用户身份运行，一旦发生漏洞，攻击者可能会获取对系统的完全控制权。
如果用root用户启动，会报错如下

[o.e.b.ElasticsearchUncaughtExceptionHandler] 
uncaught exception in thread [main]
org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.StartupException: java.lang.RuntimeException: cannot run elasticsearch as root
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.init(Elasticsearch.java:125) ~[elasticsearch-6.2.4.jar:6.2.4]
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.execute(Elasticsearch.java:112) ~[elasticsearch-6.2.4.jar:6.2.4]
    at org.elasticsearch.cli.EnvironmentAwareCommand.execute(EnvironmentAwareCommand.java:86) ~[elasticsearch-cli-6.2.4.jar:6.2.4]
    at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.mainWithoutErrorHandling(Command.java:124) ~[elasticsearch-cli-6.2.4.jar:6.2.4]
    at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.main(Command.java:90) ~[elasticsearch-cli-6.2.4.jar:6.2.4]
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:92) ~[elasticsearch-6.2.4.jar:6.2.4]
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:85) ~[elasticsearch-6.2.4.jar:6.2.4]
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: cannot run elasticsearch as root
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.initializeNatives(Bootstrap.java:105) ~[elasticsearch-6.2.4.jar:6.2.4]
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.setup(Bootstrap.java:172) ~[elasticsearch-6.2.4.jar:6.2.4]
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.init(Bootstrap.java:323) ~[elasticsearch-6.2.4.jar:6.2.4]
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.init(Elasticsearch.java:121) ~[elasticsearch-6.2.4.jar:6.2.4]
    ... 6 more

此时说明我们要切换到普通用户的身份去运行ES

su - user

2. 普通用户的权限要够

此时./elasticsearch 仍然会报错，报错内容如下

Exception in thread "main" java.nio.file.AccessDeniedException: /app/ES/elasticsearch-6.2.4/config/jvm.options
    at sun.nio.fs.UnixException.translateToIOException(UnixException.java:84)
    at sun.nio.fs.UnixException.rethrowAsIOException(UnixException.java:102)
    at sun.nio.fs.UnixException.rethrowAsIOException(UnixException.java:107)
    at sun.nio.fs.UnixFileSystemProvider.newByteChannel(UnixFileSystemProvider.java:214)
    at java.nio.file.Files.newByteChannel(Files.java:361)
    at java.nio.file.Files.newByteChannel(Files.java:407)
    at java.nio.file.spi.FileSystemProvider.newInputStream(FileSystemProvider.java:384)
    at java.nio.file.Files.newInputStream(Files.java:152)
    at org.elasticsearch.tools.launchers.JvmOptionsParser.main(JvmOptionsParser.java:58)

这是说明我们的用户权限不够，此时需要切回到root用户，给普通用户设置权限

chown -R 普通用户用户名:普通用户用户名 es安装路径
例：
chown -R user:user /app/ES/elasticsearch-6.2.4

设置完权限后，继续切换到普通用户下，运行./elasticsearch
看到日志，说明启动成功！！！