JAVA学习-------类与对象、类的私有成员与公共成员

创建对象

创建对象的语法：new类名（）；
new是一个运算符，专门负责对象的创建。类是模板，通过一个类，可以创建n多个对象。

package leiyuduixian_02;

class Student1 {
    //成员变量
    String name;
    private int age;
    //提供get.set方法
    public void setAge(int a) {
        if (a > 100 || a < 0) {
            System.out.println("你输入的年龄有误！");
        } else {
            age=a;
            System.out.println("年龄为："+a);
        }
    }
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }

        public void show() {
            System.out.println(name+","+age);
        }
    }

public class private_1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建对象
        Student1 s=new Student1();
        //给成员变量赋值
        s.name="贾璐璐";
        s.setAge(19);
        s.show();
    }
}

private的使用

private关键字【修饰成员（成员变量和成员方法）】
针对private成员变量，如果需要被其它类使用：
1、提供"get变量名（）“方法，用于获取成员变量的值，方法用public修饰。
2、提供"set变量名(参数)”,用于设置成员变量的值，方法用public修饰。

```java
package leiyuduixian_02;
class Student3{
    private String name;
    private int age;
    //构造方法
   // public Student3()  {
     //   System.out.println("无参构造方法");
    //}
    public Student3()  {}  //此为系统默认的构造方法
    public Student3(String name) {
        this.name=name;
    }
    public Student3(int age)   {
        this.age=age;
    }
    public Student3(String name,int age)  {
        this.name=name;
        this.age=age;
    }
    public void show() {
        System.out.println(name+","+age);
    }
}
package leiyuduixian_02;

public class 构造方法的测试类 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //public Student3(String name)
        Student3 s=new Student3("贾璐璐");//由有参(原来为String name)变为无参构造，需手动打出系统默认构造方法
        s.show();
        //public Student3(int age)
        Student3 s2=new Student3(19);
        s2.show();
       // public Student3(String name,int age)
        Student3 s3=new Student3("贾璐璐",19);
        s3.show();
    }
}

运行结果：D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\bin\java.exe "-javaagent:D:\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3\lib\idea_rt.jar=61053:D:\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\charsets.jar;D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\deploy.jar;D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\mysql-connector-java-8.0.15.jar;D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\javaws.jar;D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\jce.jar;D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\jfr.jar;D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\jsse.jar;D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\plugin.jar;D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\resources.jar;D:\environment\jdk1.8.0_101\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\untitled\out\production\untitled leiyuduixian_02.构造方法的测试类
贾璐璐,0
null,19
贾璐璐,19

Process finished with exit code 0

this的使用

解决局部变量隐藏成员变量 用this
this:代表所在类的对象引用
方法被哪个对象调用，this就代表哪个对象。

public Student3() {
System.out.println(“无参构造方法”)；此为系统默认的构造方法
由有参(原来为String name)变为无参构造，需手动打出系统默认构造方法。