【web】Servlet运行原理

Servlet运行原理图

servlet运行

导入包 pom

        <!-- Servlet API -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet.jsp/jsp-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
  

配置servlet web.xml 

    <!--注册servlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.xx.study.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <!--servlet的请求路径-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

测试类 

public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("doget");
        //        super.doGet(req, resp);
        PrintWriter printWriter=resp.getWriter();
        printWriter.println("hello servlet");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

servlet的Mapping

1，一个Servlet可以指定一个映射路径

 <!--servlet的请求路径-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

2，一个Servlet可以指定多个映射路径

 <!--servlet的请求路径-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello2</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello3</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello4</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

3，一个Servlet可以指定通用映射路径

*通配符，代表hello后面所有，包括hello本身

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

4，指定一个映射路径后缀名或者前缀等

 可以自定义后缀实现请求映射，注意：*前面不可以加项目映射路径（helle/*.htm）

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

5， 默认请求路径

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

6，优先级问题

指定了固有的映射路径，优先级最高， 如果找不到就会走默认的处理请求

比如，设置默认路径为错误页面

  <!--注册servlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.xx.study.ErrorServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>

    <!--servlet的请求路径-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

public class ErrorServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/htm");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        PrintWriter writer=resp.getWriter();
        writer.println("404");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}