SpringMVC拦截器和异常处理

__zhxd

于 2024-04-09 23:23:11 发布

阅读量579

点赞数 14

文章标签： java spring

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_63836635/article/details/137562050

版权

文章目录

1.SpringMVC拦截器
2.SpringMVC异常处理
- 2.1 异常处理的思路
- 2.2 异常处理两种方式

1.SpringMVC拦截器

1.1拦截器（interceptor）的作用

Spring MVC 的拦截器类似于 Servlet 开发中的过滤器 Filter，用于对处理器进行预处理和后处理。将拦截器按一定的顺序联结成一条链，这条链称为拦截器链（Interceptor Chain）。在访问被拦截的方法或字段时，拦截器链中的拦截器就会按其之前定义的顺序被调用。拦截器也是AOP思想的具体实现。

1.2 拦截器和过滤器区别

在这里插入图片描述

1.3 拦截器快速入门

自定义拦截器很简单，只有如下三步：

创建拦截器类实现HandlerInterceptor接口

package com.zhxd.interceptor;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class MyHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    //目标方法执行之前
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) {
        System.out.println("preHandler running...");
        return true;
    }

    //在目标方法执行之后，视图对象返回之前执行
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) {
        System.out.println("postHandler running...");
    }

    //在流程都完成之后再执行
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) {
        System.out.println("afterCompletion running...");
    }
}

配置拦截器
在spring-mvc.xml中配置：

    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <bean class="com.zhxd.interceptor.MyHandlerInterceptor"></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

测试拦截器的拦截效果

    @RequestMapping("/testInterceptor")
    public ModelAndView quick21() {
        System.out.println("目标方法执行...");
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("name", "zhou");
        modelAndView.setViewName("index");
        return modelAndView;
    }

查看控制台打印效果
在这里插入图片描述
拦截器方法说明：

方法名	说明
`boolean preHandle()`	方法将在请求处理之前进行调用，该方法的返回值是布尔值Boolean类型的，当它返回为false 时，表示请求结束，后续的Interceptor 和Controller 都不会再执行；当返回值为true 时就会继续调用下一个Interceptor 的preHandle 方法
`void postHandle()`	该方法是在当前请求进行处理之后被调用，前提是preHandle 方法的返回值为true 时才能被调用，且它会在DispatcherServlet 进行视图返回渲染之前被调用，所以我们可以在这个方法中对Controller 处理之后的ModelAndView 对象进行操作
`void afterCompletion()`	该方法将在整个请求结束之后，也就是在DispatcherServlet 渲染了对应的视图之后执行，前提是preHandle 方法的返回值为true 时才能被调用

1.3 配置多个拦截器

编写拦截器MyHandlerInterceptor2

public class MyHandlerInterceptor2 implements HandlerInterceptor {
    //目标方法执行之前
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) {
        System.out.println("preHandler222 running...");
        return true;
    }

    //在目标方法执行之后，视图对象返回之前执行
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) {
        System.out.println("postHandler222 running...");
    }

    //在流程都完成之后再执行
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) {
        System.out.println("afterCompletion222 running...");
    }
}

在spring-mvc.xml中配置

    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <bean class="com.zhxd.interceptor.MyHandlerInterceptor"></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>

        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
            <bean class="com.zhxd.interceptor.MyHandlerInterceptor2"></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

在这里插入图片描述

1.4案例-用户登录控制

编写权限的拦截器

public class PrivilegeInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        //逻辑：判断用户是否登录 本质：判断sesion中是否有user
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        User user = (User)session.getAttribute("user");
        if(user == null) {//用户没有登录
            response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/login.jsp");
            return false;
        }
        return true;//如果用户登录进行放行
    }
}

在spring-mvc.xml配置登录拦截器

    <!--配置拦截器-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
             <!--给/user/login放行，不进行拦截-->
             <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/user/login" />
            <bean class="com.zhxd.interceptor.PrivilegeInterceptor"></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

编写登录页面

	<div class="login-box">
		<div class="login-logo">
			<a href="all-admin-index.html"><b>ITCAST</b>后台管理系统</a>
		</div>
		<!-- /.login-logo -->
		<div class="login-box-body">
			<p class="login-box-msg">登录系统</p>

			<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/login"
				method="post">
				<div class="form-group has-feedback">
					<input type="text" name="username" class="form-control"
						placeholder="用户名"> <span
						class="glyphicon glyphicon-envelope form-control-feedback"></span>
				</div>
				<div class="form-group has-feedback">
					<input type="password" name="password" class="form-control"
						placeholder="密码"> <span
						class="glyphicon glyphicon-lock form-control-feedback"></span>
				</div>
				<div class="row">
					<div class="col-xs-8">
						<div class="checkbox icheck">
							<label><input type="checkbox"> 记住 下次自动登录</label>
						</div>
					</div>
					<!-- /.col -->
					<div class="col-xs-4">
						<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-flat">登录</button>
					</div>
					<!-- /.col -->
				</div>
			</form>

			<a href="#">忘记密码</a><br>


		</div>
		<!-- /.login-box-body -->
	</div>

在这里插入图片描述
4. 在UserDao编写登录代码

public User login(String username, String password) {
   User user
           = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select * from sys_user where username = ? and password = ?", new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class), username, password);
   return user;
}

在Service层调用UserDao的代码

public User login(String username, String password) {
        User user = userDao.login(username, password);
        return user;
}

在Controller层实现页面的控制

 @RequestMapping("/user/login")
 public String login(String username, String password, HttpServletRequest request) {
     User user = userService.login(username, password);
     if(user != null) {
         HttpSession session = request.getSession();
         session.setAttribute("user", user);
         return "redirect:/index.jsp";
     }
    return "redirect:/login.jsp";
 }

上述代码在输错用户名和代码的情况下会抛出EmptyResultDataAccessException异常，如下图：
在这里插入图片描述
原因是Dao中的用户名或密码在数据库中不存在
可以在这里把异常抛出去，然后再Service进行处理：

 public User login(String username, String password) throws EmptyResultDataAccessException {
     User user
             = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select * from sys_user where username = ? and password = ?", new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class), username, password);
     return user;
 }

public User login(String username, String password) {
    try {
        User user = userDao.login(username, password);
        return user;
    }catch(EmptyResultDataAccessException e) {
        return null;
    }
}

2.SpringMVC异常处理

2.1 异常处理的思路

系统中异常包括两类：预期异常和运行时异常RuntimeException，前者通过捕获异常从而获取异常信息，后者主要通过规范代码开发、测试等手段减少运行时异常的发生。系统的Dao、Service、Controller出现都通过throws Exception向上抛出，最后由SpringMVC前端控制器交由异常处理器进行异常处理，如下图：

2.2 异常处理两种方式

使用Spring MVC提供的简单异常处理器SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
实现Spring的异常处理接口HandlerExceptionResolver 自定义自己的异常处理器

简单异常处理器SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
直接在spring-mvc进行配置：

    <!--配置简单异常处理器-->
 <bean id="exceptionResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
     <!--配置默认错误视图-->
     <property name="defaultErrorView" value="error"></property>
     <!--有符合以下异常就会找到对应的错误视图，如果没有则会找到defaultErrorView-->
     <property name="exceptionMappings">
         <map>
             <entry key="com.zhxd.exception.MyException" value="error1"></entry>
             <entry key="java.lang.ClassCastException" value="error1"></entry>
         </map>
     </property>
 </bean>

测试代码：

定义各种异常

package com.zhxd.service;

import com.zhxd.exception.MyException;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.InputStream;

public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService {
    public void show1() {
        System.out.println("抛出类型转换异常....");
        Object str = "zhangsan";
        Integer num = (Integer)str;
    }

    public void show2() {
        System.out.println("抛出除零异常....");
        int i = 1/0;
    }

    public void show3() throws FileNotFoundException {
        System.out.println("文件找不到异常....");
        InputStream in = new FileInputStream("C:/xxx/xxx/xxx.txt");
    }

    public void show4() {
        System.out.println("空指针异常.....");
        String str = null;
        str.length();
    }

    public void show5() throws MyException {
        System.out.println("自定义异常....");
        throw new MyException();
    }
}

定义一个Controller来测试异常处理

package com.zhxd.controller;

import com.zhxd.exception.MyException;
import com.zhxd.service.DemoService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

@Controller
public class DemoController {

    @Autowired
    private DemoService demoService;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/show")
    public String show() throws FileNotFoundException, MyException {
        System.out.println("show running......");
        //demoService.show1();
        //demoService.show2();
        //demoService.show3();
        //demoService.show4();
        demoService.show5();
        return "index";
    }
}

定义已个异常处理页面
error.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>这是一个通用的错误视图</h1>
</body>
</html>

在这里插入图片描述
2. 自定义异常处理步骤
① 创建异常处理器类实现HandlerExceptionResolver，。重写HandlerExceptionResolver方法\

package com.zhxd;

import com.zhxd.exception.MyException;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class MyExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        String info = null;
        if(e instanceof MyException) {
            info = "这是自定义的异常";
        }else if (e instanceof ClassCastException) {
            info = "这是类转换异常";
        }else {
            info = "这是一个尚未定义好的异常";
        }
        modelAndView.addObject("info", info);
        modelAndView.setViewName("error1");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

② 配置异常处理器

<!--配置自定义异常-->
    <bean id="exceptionResolver" class="com.zhxd.MyExceptionResolver"></bean>

③ 编写异常页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>这是一个通用的错误视图</h1>
    <h1>${info}</h1>
</body>
</html>

④ 测试异常跳转

package com.zhxd.controller;

import com.zhxd.exception.MyException;
import com.zhxd.service.DemoService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

@Controller
public class DemoController {

    @Autowired
    private DemoService demoService;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/show")
    public String show() throws ClassCastException {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        demoService.show1();
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/show2")
    public String show2() throws FileNotFoundException, MyException {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        demoService.show2();
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/show3")
    public String show3() throws FileNotFoundException, MyException {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        demoService.show3();
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/show4")
    public String show4() throws FileNotFoundException, MyException {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        demoService.show4();
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/show5")
    public String show5() throws FileNotFoundException, MyException {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        demoService.show5();
        return "index";
    }
}