目录
7.Cookie、Session
1.会话
会话:用户打开一个浏览器,点击了很多超链接,访问多个web资源,关闭浏览器,这个过程可以称之为会话;
有状态会话:一个同学来过教室,下次再来教室,我们会知道这个同学,曾经来过,称之为有状态会话;
你能怎么证明你是x国居民?
你 去x国
- 身份证 x国给你发身份证
- x国登记 x国标记你来过了
一个网站,怎么证明你来过?
客户端 服务端
- 服务端给客户端一个 信件,客户端下次访问服务端带上信件就可以了; cookie
- 服务器登记你来过了,下次你来的时候我来匹配你; seesion
2.保存会话的两种技术
cookie
- 客户端会话跟踪技术 (响应,请求)
session
- 服务器会话跟踪技术,利用这个技术,可以保存用户的会话信息? 我们可以把信息或者数据放在Session中!
常见常见:网站登录之后,你下次不用再登录了,第二次访问直接就上去了!
3.Cookie
- 从请求中拿到cookie信息
- 服务器响应给客户端cookie
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies(); //获得Cookie
cookie.getName(); //获得cookie中的key
cookie.getValue(); //获得cookie中的vlaue
new Cookie("lastLoginTime", System.currentTimeMillis()+""); //新建一个cookie
cookie.setMaxAge(24*60*60); //设置cookie的有效期
resp.addCookie(cookie); //响应给客户端一个cookie
cookie:一般会保存在本地的 用户目录下 appdata;
一个网站cookie是否存在上限!聊聊细节问题
- 一个Cookie只能保存一个信息;
- 一个web站点可以给浏览器发送多个cookie,最多存放20个cookie;
- Cookie大小有限制4kb;
- 300个cookie浏览器上限
添加cookie有效期为1天
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>JavaWeb-02-maven</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- 具体的jar包配置文件-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax. servLet.jsp/javax. servLet.jsp-opi -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.3.3</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>JavaWeb-01-meven</finalName>
<!--在build中配置resources,来防止我们资源导出失败的问题-->
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/**</include>
<include>**/**</include>
</includes>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</project>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0"
metadata-complete="true">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>CookieDemo01</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servlet.CookieDemo01</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>CookieDemo01</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/c1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
CookieDemo01.java
public class CookieDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//服务器,告诉你, 你来的时间,把这个时间封装成为一个信件,你下带来,我就知道你来了
//解决中文乱码
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = resp. getWriter();
//Cookie,服务器端从客户端获取呀;
Cookie[] cookies = req. getCookies(); //这里返回数组,说明cookie可能存在多个
//判断Cookie是否存在
if (cookies!=null){
//如果存在
out.write("你上一次访问的时间是:");
for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
Cookie cookie=cookies[i];
//获取cookie的名字
if (cookie.getName().equals("lastLoginTime")){
//获取cookie中的值
long lastLoginTime = Long.parseLong(cookie.getValue());
Date date = new Date(lastLoginTime);
out.write(date.toLocaleString());
}
}
}else {
out.write( "这是您第一次 访问本站");
}
//服务给客户端响应一个cookie; .
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("lastLoginTime", System.currentTimeMillis()+"");
cookie.setMaxAge(24*60*60);//cookie有效期为1天
resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
第一次访问
第二次访问
删除cookie
web.xml
<servlet>
<servlet-name>CookieDemo02</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servlet.CookieDemo02</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>CookieDemo02</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/c2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
CookieDemo02.java
public class CookieDemo02 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//服务给客户端响应一个cookie; 名字必须要和要删除的名字 一致
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("lastLoginTime", System.currentTimeMillis()+"");
cookie.setMaxAge(0);//将cookie有效期设置为0,立马过期
resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
第一次访问
第二次访问
删除cookie
第三次访问
中文数据传递
CookieDemo02.java
//中文数据传输
public class CookieDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//服务器,告诉你, 你来的时间,把这个时间封装成为一个信件,你下带来,我就知道你来了
//解决中文乱码
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = resp. getWriter();
//Cookie,服务器端从客户端获取;
Cookie[] cookies = req. getCookies(); //这里返回数组,说明cookie可能存在多个
//判断Cookie是否存在
if (cookies!=null){
//如果存在
out.write("你上一次访问的时间是:");
for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
Cookie cookie=cookies[i];
//获取cookie的名字
if (cookie.getName().equals("name")){
out.write(URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getValue(),"utf-8"));//解码
}
}
}else {
out.write( "这是您第一次 访问本站");
}
//服务给客户端响应一个cookie;
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("name", URLEncoder.encode("雙馬","utf-8"));//编码
resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
web.xml
<servlet>
<servlet-name>CookieDemo03</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servlet.CookieDemo03</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>CookieDemo03</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/c3</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
4.Session
什么是Session:
- 服务器会给每一个用户(浏览器)创建一个Seesion对象;
- 一个Seesion独占一个浏览器,只要浏览器没有关闭,这个Session就存在;
- 用户登录之后,整个网站它都可以访问!–> 保存用户的信息;保存购物车的信息……
Session和cookie的区别:
- Cookie是把用户的数据写给用户的浏览器,浏览器保存 (可以保存多个)
- Session把用户的数据写到用户独占Session中,服务器端保存 (保存重要的信息,减少服务器资源的浪费)
- Session对象由服务创建;
使用场景:
- 保存一个登录用户的信息;
- 购物车信息;
- 在整个网站中经常会使用的数据,我们将它保存在Session中;
创建Session的id和内容、获取Session的内容、注销Session、Session自动注销
获取Session的id
Session在服务器启动时就已经全部访问过了,所以在进入s1时,会显示服务器已经存在了
web.xml
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SessionDemo01</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servlet.SessionDemo01</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SessionDemo01</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/s1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
SessionDemo01.java
public class SessionDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决乱码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//得到session
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
//给Session中存东西
// session.setAttribute("name",new Person("雙馬",1));
session.setAttribute("name","雙馬");
//获取Session的ID
String sessionId = session.getId();
//判断Session是不是新创建
if (session.isNew()){
resp.getWriter().write("session创建成功,ID为:"+sessionId);
}else {
resp.getWriter().write("session已经在服务器中存在了,ID为:"+sessionId);
}
//Session创建的时候做什么事情:
// Cookie cookie = new Cookie("JSESSIONID", sessionId);
// resp. addCookie(cookie);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
super.doPost(req, resp);
}
}
获取Session的值
web.xml
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SessionDemo02</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servlet.SessionDemo02</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SessionDemo02</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/s2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
SessionDemo02.java
public class SessionDemo02 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决乱码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//得到session
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
Object name = session.getAttribute("name");
System.out.println(name);
// Person person = (Person) session.getAttribute("name");
// System.out.println(person);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
super.doPost(req, resp);
}
}
注销Session
注销之后原先创建的Session消失,更取不到值,在重新创建,创建的是新的Session
web.xml
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SessionDemo03</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servlet.SessionDemo03</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SessionDemo03</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/s3</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
SessionDemo03.java
public class SessionDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
session.removeAttribute("name");
session.invalidate();//手动注销
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
Session自动注销
web.xml
<!-- 设置Session默认的失效时间-->
<session-config>
<!-- 1分钟后Session自动失效,以分钟为单位-->
<session-timeout>1</session-timeout>
</session-config>
创建Session的id和对象、获取Session的对象、注销Session
获取Session的id
Person.java
package pojo;
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
public Person() {
}
public Person(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
SessionDemo01.java
//把上面获取内容改为对象即可
session.setAttribute("name",new Person("雙馬",1));
获取Session的对象
SessionDemo02.java
//把上面获取内容改为对象即可
Person person = (Person) session.getAttribute("name");
System.out.println(person);
注销Session
这里如果版本低的话,页面会出现500错误
5.cookie和session的区别
一、共同之处:
cookie(客户端会话跟踪技术)和session(服务器会话跟踪技术)都是用来跟踪浏览器用户身份的会话方式。
二、区别: