目录
1.try...except, else, finally的使用
b. 字符串中format方法的使用(带对齐方式,宽度,填充字符)
(1)capitalize(self, /)------------首字母大写
(2) casefold(self, /)---------全部变小写
(3) center(self, width, fillchar=' ', /)-----------居中对齐
(4)rjust(self, width, fillchar=' ', /)-------------右对齐
(5)ljust(self, width, fillchar=' ', /)---------左对齐
(6)count(...)-----------统计字符或字符串出现的的次数
(7)encode(self, /, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')----------字符串编码字节
(8)endswith(...)-------------判断以 ?结尾
(9)expandtabs(self, /, tabsize=8)-----------扩展制表符没有限制
(10)find(...)--------------------------返回最小的下标
(12)format_map(...) ------------------------使用data2格式化并替换data1
(13) index(...)-----------找字符串子项的最低索引
(14) isalnum(self, /)-----------如果字符串中只有字符、字母、数字,则返回 True,否则返回 False
(15) isalpha(self, /)----如果字符串是字母、字符串,则返回 True,否则返回 False
(16)isascii(self, /)---------如果字符串中的所有字符都是 ASCII码表中的,则返回 True,否则返回 False
(18)isdigit(self, /)------------字符串是数字,则返回 True,否则返回 False
(19) isidentifier(self, /)-----------字符串是有效的 Python 标识符,返回 True,否则返回 False
1.try...except, else, finally的使用
data = 3
try:
if data == 1:
raise ValueError
except ValueError:
data = 2
else:
data = 4
finally:
print("Finally")
print(data)
运行结果:
Finally
4
2.字符串格式化输出:
a. 字符串中的center,rjust, ljust
center:居中对齐
print("name".center(10, "*"), "age".center(10, "*"), "gender".center(10, "*"))
print("ss".center(10), "20".center(10), "male".center(10))
运行结果:
***name*** ***age**** **gender**
ss 20 male
rjust:右对齐
print("name".rjust(10, "*"), "age".rjust(10, "*"), "gender".rjust(10, "*"))
print("ss".rjust(10), "20".rjust(10), "male".rjust(10))
运行结果:
******name *******age ****gender
ss 20 male
ljust:左对齐
print("name".ljust(10, "*"), "age".ljust(10, "*"), "gender".ljust(10, "*"))
print("ss".ljust(10), "20".ljust(10), "male".ljust(10))
运行结果:
name****** age******* gender****
ss 20 male
b. 字符串中format方法的使用(带对齐方式,宽度,填充字符)
name = 'zhangsan'
age = 20
money = 11111111111
print("My name is {:*^10} My age is {:*^10} My money is {:*^10}".format(name, age, money))
运行结果:
My name is *zhangsan* My age is ****20**** My money is 11111111111
c. 占位符: %d, %s, %f
print("My name is %s My age is %d My money is %.3f" % ('zhagnsan', 20, 1111111111111))
运行结果:
My name is zhagnsan My age is 20 My money is 1111111111111.000
d. 新的格式化: f/F(带对齐方式,宽度,填充字符)
name = 'zhangsan'
age = 20
print(f"My name is {name:*^10} My age is {age}")
运行结果:
My name is *zhangsan* My age is 20
3.字符串剩余方法的使用
(1)capitalize(self, /)------------首字母大写
str_data = 'hello'
str.capitalize(str_data)
print(str.capitalize(str_data))
运行结果:
Hello
(2) casefold(self, /)---------全部变小写
str_data = 'HELLo'
str.casefold(str_data)
print(str.casefold(str_data))
运行结果:
hello
(3) center(self, width, fillchar=' ', /)-----------居中对齐
print("name".center(10, '*'))
print("zhangsan".center(10, '*'))
运行结果:
***name***
*zhangsan*
(4)rjust(self, width, fillchar=' ', /)-------------右对齐
print("name".rjust(10, '*'))
print("zhangsan".rjust(10, '*'))
运行结果:
******name
**zhangsan
(5)ljust(self, width, fillchar=' ', /)---------左对齐
print("name".ljust(10, '*'))
print("zhangsan".ljust(10, '*'))
运行结果:
name******
zhangsan**
(6)count(...)-----------统计字符或字符串出现的的次数
data = 'abcabcabc'
print(data.count('a'))
print(data.count('abc'))
运行结果:
3
3
(7)encode(self, /, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')----------字符串编码字节
data = 'abc'
print(data.encode("UTF-8"))
运行结果:
b'abc'
(8)endswith(...)-------------判断以 ?结尾
data = 'abcabcabc'
print(data.endswith('a'))
print(data.endswith('bc'))
print(data.endswith('abc'))
运行结果:
False
True
True
(9)expandtabs(self, /, tabsize=8)-----------扩展制表符没有限制
data = 'abc\tabc'
print(data.expandtabs(10))
运行结果:
abc abc
(10)find(...)--------------------------返回最小的下标
data = 'abcabcabc'
print(data.find('c'))
运行结果:
2
(11)format(...)-----------格式化
name = 'zhangsan'
age = 20
money = 11111111111
print("My name is {:*^10} My age is {:*^10} My money is {:*^10}".format(name, age, money))
运行结果:
My name is *zhangsan* My age is ****20**** My money is 11111111111
(12)format_map(...) ------------------------使用data2格式化并替换data1
data1 = 'abcabcabc'
data2 = '1234'
print(data2)
print(data2.format_map(data1))
运行结果:
1234
1234
(13) index(...)-----------找字符串子项的最低索引
data = 'abcabcabc'
print(data.index('c'))
运行结果:
2
(14) isalnum(self, /)-----------如果字符串中只有字符、字母、数字,则返回 True,否则返回 False
data = 'ab123'
print(data.isalnum())
data = 'ab+123'
print(data.isalnum())
运行结果:
True
False
(15) isalpha(self, /)----如果字符串是字母、字符串,则返回 True,否则返回 False
data = 'ab123'
print(data.isalpha())
data = 'ab'
print(data.isalpha())
运行结果:
False
True
(16)isascii(self, /)---------如果字符串中的所有字符都是 ASCII码表中的,则返回 True,否则返回 False
data = 'abca'
print(data.isascii())
data = '终止'
print(data.isascii())
运行结果:
True
False
(17) isdecimal(self, /)-------------字符串是十进制,则返回 True,否则返回 False
data = '11111'
print(data.isdecimal())
data = 'abc'
print(data.isdecimal())
运行结果:
True
False
(18)isdigit(self, /)------------字符串是数字,则返回 True,否则返回 False
data = '1111'
print(data.isdigit())
data = 'abc'
print(data.isdigit())
运行结果:
True
False
(19) isidentifier(self, /)-----------字符串是有效的 Python 标识符,返回 True,否则返回 False
data = 'abc'
print(data.isidentifier())
data = '1111'
print(data.isidentifier())
运行结果:
True
False
4.使用输入完成计算器的功能:
输入 7+8 输出: 7 + 8 = 15
data1 = int(input("请输入第一个数字:"))
data2 = int(input("请输入第二个数字:"))
print(data1 + data2)
运行结果:
请输入第一个数字:7
请输入第二个数字:8
15