一个检测css属性支持性的小工具,如下:Can I use... Support tables for HTML5, CSS3, etc
1.flex布局和传统布局的区别
1.1 传统布局
-
兼容性好
-
布局繁琐
-
不适合移动端
1.2 flex布局:
-
适合移动端
-
布局简单
-
pc端兼容较差
-
IE11或更低版本不支持flex或仅支持部分
1.3 建议
如果是pc端还是使用传统布局,如果是移动端使用flex布局,当然,如果pc端不考虑兼容性的情况下也可以大量使用flex布局。
2.flex布局原理
2.1原理
flex 是 flexible Box 的缩写,意为"弹性布局",用来为盒状模型提供最大的灵活性,任何一个容器都可以指定为 flex 布局。
当我们为父盒子指定display:flex;时,子元素的 float、clear 和 vertical-align 属性将失效。
原因是因为,flex布局可以让元素一行显示,不区分块级和行内,行内块元素。所以就用不到float属性,也就不用清除浮动了。
总结:就是通过给父盒子添加display:flex属性,来控制子盒子的位置和排列方式
2.2 Flex布局的组成部分
容器(父级盒子)项目(子元素)主轴,默认的主轴是X轴侧轴/交叉轴
3.父级元素常见属性
Flex布局容器(父级盒子)常见的属性设置
flex-direction
设置Flex布局的主轴方向
Flex布局中默认的主轴是row,x轴,默认值是从左到右
flex-direction:column;将主轴改为y轴,纵轴,从上到下;
flex-direction:row;将主轴改为x轴,横轴,从左到右;
flex-direction:row- reverse;主轴为x轴,并且翻转,从右到左翻转排列;
flex-direction:column- reverse;主轴为y轴,并且翻转,从下到上翻转排列 ;
justify-content
通过justify-content能够设置主轴子元素排列形式,但是注意使用这个属性之前一定要确定好主轴
justify-content:flex-start;默认值,所有子元素在主轴头部开始显示,如果是X轴,则从左到右,如果是Y轴,则从上到下;
justify-content:flex-end ;所有子元素在主轴尾部开始显示,如果是X轴,则所有元素靠右显示,如果是Y轴,则所有元素靠下显示;
justify-content:center;所有子元素在主轴居中对齐
justify-content:space-around ;所有子元素平分剩余空间
justify-content:space-between;所有子元素中,先两边两个元素贴边,剩余的元素平分剩余空间(常用);
justify-content:space-evenly ;所有子元素之间的距离都一致
flex-wrap
规定子元素是否换行显示,flex布局如果子元素的总宽度加起来超出了父级的宽,默认是不会自动换行的,会压缩一行显示;
flex-wrap:nowrap;
开启flex布局后项目(子元素)默认不换行,默认情况下项目(子元素)都排在一条线上(轴线),如果子元素的总宽度加起来超出了父元素的宽度,子元素就会压缩显示,不会换行;
align-items
单行的子元素,父级没有设置flex-wrap:wrap;换行属性的时候,设置侧轴子元素的排列
align-content
多行的子元素,父级设置flex-wrap:wrap;换行属性的时候,设置侧轴子元素的排列align-items:flex-start ;交叉轴的起点对齐align-items:flex-end ;交叉轴的终点对齐align-items:stretch ;默认值(拉升),如果项目(子元素)未设置高度或设为auto,将占满整个容器(父元素)的高度
align-content 和align-items区别:
-
align-items 适用于单行情况下, 只有上对齐、下对齐、居中和 拉伸
-
align-content适应于换行(多行)的情况下(单行情况下无效), 可以设置 上对齐、下对齐、居中、拉伸以及平均分配剩余空间等属性值。
-
总结:单行找align-items 多行找 align-content
flex-flow
是 flex-direction 和 flex-wrap 属性的复合属性
flex-flow:row wrap; /*x主轴,换行 */
4.子级元素常见属性
align-self
设置子项自己在侧轴的排列方式
<style>
div {
display: flex;
width: 80%;
height: 300px;
background-color: pink;
/* 让三个子盒子沿着侧轴底侧对齐 */
/* align-items: flex-end; */
}
div span {
width: 150px;
height: 100px;
background-color: purple;
margin-right: 5px;
}
div span:nth-child(3) {
/* 我们想只让3号盒子下来底侧 */
align-self: flex-end;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<span>1</span>
<span>2</span>
<span>3</span>
</div>
效果:
older
定义项目的排列顺序,数值越小,排列越靠前,默认为0,可以是负数。
flex
定义子盒子所占父盒子的份数,可以用数字,也可以用百分比。
5.知识点
垂直水平居中的方法:
margin: auto–完美的居中 使用弹性盒子(display: flex),居中变的很简单,只想要设置 margin: auto; 可以使得弹性子元素在两上轴方向上完全居中。
6、案例
效果图(因为没有图片素材自己截图做的不太美观,见谅):
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<!-- 视口完善:禁止用户缩放,最小缩放为1,最大缩放为0-->
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no,minimum-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=1.0,">
<!-- 注意一定要把normalize.css放在上面,因为浏览器从上往下解析,会有层叠性 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./css/normalize.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./css/index.css">
<title>消息中心</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 头部 -->
<header>
<div class="hd">消息中心</div>
</header>
<!-- 内容区域 -->
<article>
<div class="content">
<div class="photo-1"></div>
<div class="vip">
<div class="notice">
<h3>会员通知 </h3>
<span>上午5:00</span>
</div>
<div class="prize">
您领取的“完善生日信息”任务已经完成,奖
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="photo-2"></div>
<div class="vip">
<div class="notice">
<h3>物流通知</h3>
<span>昨天12:30</span>
</div>
<div class="prize">
暂无消息,点此查看订单信息
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="photo-3"></div>
<div class="vip">
<div class="notice">
<h3>我的资产 </h3>
<span>星期六</span>
</div>
<div class="prize">
暂无消息,点击查看我的礼券
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="photo-4"></div>
<div class="vip">
<div class="notice">
<h3>社区消息</h3>
<span>星期五</span>
</div>
<div class="prize">
暂无消息,点击查看个人主页
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="photo-5"></div>
<div class="vip">
<div class="notice">
<h3>商品问答</h3>
<span>去年</span>
</div>
<div class="prize">
暂无消息,点击查看我的问答
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="photo-6"></div>
<div class="vip">
<div class="notice">
<h3>服务通知</h3>
<span>去年</span>
</div>
<div class="prize">
暂无消息,点击查看订单信息
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="content">
<div class="photo-7"></div>
<div class="vip">
<div class="notice">
<h3>社区消息</h3>
<span>去年</span>
</div>
<div class="prize">
暂无消息,点击查看收藏商品
</div>
</div>
</div>
</article>
</body>
</html>
css
/* 引入icommon字体 */
@font-face {
font-family: 'icomoon';
src: url('fonts/icomoon.eot?yt1na2');
src: url('fonts/icomoon.eot?yt1na2#iefix') format('embedded-opentype'), url('fonts/icomoon.ttf?yt1na2') format('truetype'), url('fonts/icomoon.woff?yt1na2') format('woff'), url('fonts/icomoon.svg?yt1na2#icomoon') format('svg');
font-weight: normal;
font-style: normal;
font-display: block;
}
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
/* 设置body样式 */
body {
/* 设置宽度与浏览器一样宽 */
width: 100%;
/* 限制最大宽度最小宽度 */
max-width: 640px;
min-width: 320px;
margin: 0 auto;
font: normal 14px/1.5 Tahoma, "Lucida Grande", Verdana, "Microsoft Yahei", STXihei, hei;
line-height: 1.5;
color: #000;
background: #b8b8b8;
/* 设置X轴的滚动条永远不显示 */
overflow-x: hidden;
/* 设置高亮为透明 */
-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
}
/* 设置ul样式 */
ul {
/* 清除ul原有样式 */
list-style: none;
/* 清除间距 */
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
/* 设置a链接样式 */
a {
/* 清除a的下划线 */
text-decoration: none;
color: #222;
}
div {
/* 设置div为css 3盒模型 */
box-sizing: border-box;
}
/* ------头部------ */
header {
position: fixed;
top: 0;
/* 固定定位一定要有宽度 */
width: 100%;
/* 因为固定定位参考浏览器,所以要限制他的最大和最小宽度 */
max-width: 640px;
min-width: 320px;
padding: 0px 22px;
text-align: center;
}
.hd {
position: relative;
font-size: 27px;
color: #474747;
}
.hd::before {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
font-family: 'icomoon';
content: '\ea40';
font-size: 26px;
color: #000;
}
/* 内容区域 */
article {
padding: 0px 22px;
}
.content {
display: flex;
padding-top: 50px;
height: 125px;
}
.content div[class^=photo-] {
width: 67px;
height: 67px;
background-color: green;
border-radius: 50%;
align-self: center;
background: url(../images/photo1.png) no-repeat;
background-size: 67px 67px;
}
.content div.photo-2 {
background: url(../images/photo2.png) no-repeat;
background-size: 67px 67px;
}
.content div.photo-3 {
background: url(../images/photo3.png) no-repeat;
}
.content div.photo-4 {
background: url(../images/photo4.png) no-repeat;
background-size: 67px 67px;
}
.content div.photo-5 {
background: url(../images/photo7.png) no-repeat;
background-size: 67px 67px;
}
.content div.photo-6 {
background: url(../images/6.png) no-repeat;
background-size: 67px 67px;
}
.content div.photo-7 {
background: url(../images/photo5.png) no-repeat;
background-size: 67px 67px;
}
.vip {
/* 设置最小宽度为0是,因为里面的子盒子设置了强制不换行,会撑大flex布局的盒子。 */
min-width: 0;
display: flex;
padding-left: 10px;
flex: 1;
flex-direction: column;
border-bottom: 1px solid #d8d8d8;
}
.notice {
flex: 1;
display: flex;
}
.notice h3 {
flex: 1;
font-size: 21px;
color: #474747;
font-weight: 400;
}
.notice span {
flex: 1;
text-align: right;
font-size: 17px;
color: #aaa;
}
.prize {
flex: 1;
font-size: 14px;
color: #a7a7a7;
white-space: nowrap;
overflow: hidden;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
normalize.css
/*! normalize.css v5.0.0 | MIT License | github.com/necolas/normalize.css */
/**
* 1. Change the default font family in all browsers (opinionated).
* 2. Correct the line height in all browsers.
* 3. Prevent adjustments of font size after orientation changes in
* IE on Windows Phone and in iOS.
*/
/* Document
========================================================================== */
html {
font-family: sans-serif; /* 1 */
line-height: 1.15; /* 2 */
-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 3 */
-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 3 */
}
/* Sections
========================================================================== */
/**
* Remove the margin in all browsers (opinionated).
*/
body {
margin: 0;
}
/**
* Add the correct display in IE 9-.
*/
article,
aside,
footer,
header,
nav,
section {
display: block;
}
/**
* Correct the font size and margin on `h1` elements within `section` and
* `article` contexts in Chrome, Firefox, and Safari.
*/
h1 {
font-size: 2em;
margin: 0.67em 0;
}
/* Grouping content
========================================================================== */
/**
* Add the correct display in IE 9-.
* 1. Add the correct display in IE.
*/
figcaption,
figure,
main { /* 1 */
display: block;
}
/**
* Add the correct margin in IE 8.
*/
figure {
margin: 1em 40px;
}
/**
* 1. Add the correct box sizing in Firefox.
* 2. Show the overflow in Edge and IE.
*/
hr {
box-sizing: content-box; /* 1 */
height: 0; /* 1 */
overflow: visible; /* 2 */
}
/**
* 1. Correct the inheritance and scaling of font size in all browsers.
* 2. Correct the odd `em` font sizing in all browsers.
*/
pre {
font-family: monospace, monospace; /* 1 */
font-size: 1em; /* 2 */
}
/* Text-level semantics
========================================================================== */
/**
* 1. Remove the gray background on active links in IE 10.
* 2. Remove gaps in links underline in iOS 8+ and Safari 8+.
*/
a {
background-color: transparent; /* 1 */
-webkit-text-decoration-skip: objects; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Remove the outline on focused links when they are also active or hovered
* in all browsers (opinionated).
*/
a:active,
a:hover {
outline-width: 0;
}
/**
* 1. Remove the bottom border in Firefox 39-.
* 2. Add the correct text decoration in Chrome, Edge, IE, Opera, and Safari.
*/
abbr[title] {
border-bottom: none; /* 1 */
text-decoration: underline; /* 2 */
text-decoration: underline dotted; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Prevent the duplicate application of `bolder` by the next rule in Safari 6.
*/
b,
strong {
font-weight: inherit;
}
/**
* Add the correct font weight in Chrome, Edge, and Safari.
*/
b,
strong {
font-weight: bolder;
}
/**
* 1. Correct the inheritance and scaling of font size in all browsers.
* 2. Correct the odd `em` font sizing in all browsers.
*/
code,
kbd,
samp {
font-family: monospace, monospace; /* 1 */
font-size: 1em; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Add the correct font style in Android 4.3-.
*/
dfn {
font-style: italic;
}
/**
* Add the correct background and color in IE 9-.
*/
mark {
background-color: #ff0;
color: #000;
}
/**
* Add the correct font size in all browsers.
*/
small {
font-size: 80%;
}
/**
* Prevent `sub` and `sup` elements from affecting the line height in
* all browsers.
*/
sub,
sup {
font-size: 75%;
line-height: 0;
position: relative;
vertical-align: baseline;
}
sub {
bottom: -0.25em;
}
sup {
top: -0.5em;
}
/* Embedded content
========================================================================== */
/**
* Add the correct display in IE 9-.
*/
audio,
video {
display: inline-block;
}
/**
* Add the correct display in iOS 4-7.
*/
audio:not([controls]) {
display: none;
height: 0;
}
/**
* Remove the border on images inside links in IE 10-.
*/
img {
border-style: none;
}
/**
* Hide the overflow in IE.
*/
svg:not(:root) {
overflow: hidden;
}
/* Forms
========================================================================== */
/**
* 1. Change the font styles in all browsers (opinionated).
* 2. Remove the margin in Firefox and Safari.
*/
button,
input,
optgroup,
select,
textarea {
font-family: sans-serif; /* 1 */
font-size: 100%; /* 1 */
line-height: 1.15; /* 1 */
margin: 0; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Show the overflow in IE.
* 1. Show the overflow in Edge.
*/
button,
input { /* 1 */
overflow: visible;
}
/**
* Remove the inheritance of text transform in Edge, Firefox, and IE.
* 1. Remove the inheritance of text transform in Firefox.
*/
button,
select { /* 1 */
text-transform: none;
}
/**
* 1. Prevent a WebKit bug where (2) destroys native `audio` and `video`
* controls in Android 4.
* 2. Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari.
*/
button,
html [type="button"], /* 1 */
[type="reset"],
[type="submit"] {
-webkit-appearance: button; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Remove the inner border and padding in Firefox.
*/
button::-moz-focus-inner,
[type="button"]::-moz-focus-inner,
[type="reset"]::-moz-focus-inner,
[type="submit"]::-moz-focus-inner {
border-style: none;
padding: 0;
}
/**
* Restore the focus styles unset by the previous rule.
*/
button:-moz-focusring,
[type="button"]:-moz-focusring,
[type="reset"]:-moz-focusring,
[type="submit"]:-moz-focusring {
outline: 1px dotted ButtonText;
}
/**
* Change the border, margin, and padding in all browsers (opinionated).
*/
fieldset {
border: 1px solid #c0c0c0;
margin: 0 2px;
padding: 0.35em 0.625em 0.75em;
}
/**
* 1. Correct the text wrapping in Edge and IE.
* 2. Correct the color inheritance from `fieldset` elements in IE.
* 3. Remove the padding so developers are not caught out when they zero out
* `fieldset` elements in all browsers.
*/
legend {
box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */
color: inherit; /* 2 */
display: table; /* 1 */
max-width: 100%; /* 1 */
padding: 0; /* 3 */
white-space: normal; /* 1 */
}
/**
* 1. Add the correct display in IE 9-.
* 2. Add the correct vertical alignment in Chrome, Firefox, and Opera.
*/
progress {
display: inline-block; /* 1 */
vertical-align: baseline; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Remove the default vertical scrollbar in IE.
*/
textarea {
overflow: auto;
}
/**
* 1. Add the correct box sizing in IE 10-.
* 2. Remove the padding in IE 10-.
*/
[type="checkbox"],
[type="radio"] {
box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */
padding: 0; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Correct the cursor style of increment and decrement buttons in Chrome.
*/
[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,
[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button {
height: auto;
}
/**
* 1. Correct the odd appearance in Chrome and Safari.
* 2. Correct the outline style in Safari.
*/
[type="search"] {
-webkit-appearance: textfield; /* 1 */
outline-offset: -2px; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Remove the inner padding and cancel buttons in Chrome and Safari on macOS.
*/
[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,
[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration {
-webkit-appearance: none;
}
/**
* 1. Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari.
* 2. Change font properties to `inherit` in Safari.
*/
::-webkit-file-upload-button {
-webkit-appearance: button; /* 1 */
font: inherit; /* 2 */
}
/* Interactive
========================================================================== */
/*
* Add the correct display in IE 9-.
* 1. Add the correct display in Edge, IE, and Firefox.
*/
details, /* 1 */
menu {
display: block;
}
/*
* Add the correct display in all browsers.
*/
summary {
display: list-item;
}
/* Scripting
========================================================================== */
/**
* Add the correct display in IE 9-.
*/
canvas {
display: inline-block;
}
/**
* Add the correct display in IE.
*/
template {
display: none;
}
/* Hidden
========================================================================== */
/**
* Add the correct display in IE 10-.
*/
[hidden] {
display: none;
}
7.思维导图
最后附上一份思维导图~