Mybatis的学习

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-15 10:20:47 发布

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文章标签： mybatis 学习 java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_64658652/article/details/138193537

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本文介绍了Mybatis的基础概念，包括其封装jdbc的优点，以及如何通过全局配置文件、Mapper映射和SqlSessionFactory进行数据库操作。重点讲解了Mapper接口的代理模式，展示了如何利用动态代理在运行时扩展功能。

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一.什么是Mybatis？

MyBatis是一个优秀的持久层框架，它对jdbc的操作数据库的过程进行封装，使开发者只需要关注 SQL 本身，而不需要花费精力去处理例如注册驱动、创建connection、创建statement、手动设置参数、结果集检索等jdbc繁杂的过程代码。

相比于jdbc，mybatis提供了参数映射和结果集映射，使我们对参数设置和对结果集的封装变得更加简洁，而且mybatis还提供了动态sql和关联查询，这使得我们能够对sql语句进行灵活的操作。

二.Mybatis入门

快速入门Mybatis只需要以下几个步骤：

编写Mybatis的全局配置文件
编写Mapper映射文件
通过全局配置文件构建SqlSessionFactory
通过SqlSessionFactory获取SqlSession

示例：

有一个tb_user表，我们使用mybatis对该表进行操作

1.创建一个maven项目：

2.加入mybatis以及相关的依赖

3.编写User类

package com.fs.entity;

import lombok.Data;

import java.util.Date;

@Data
public class User {
    private Integer id;

    private String username;

    private String password;

    private String sex;

    private Date birthday;

    private String address;
}

4.编写Mapper映射文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--
 namespace: 命名空间
-->
<mapper namespace="User">

    <!--  查询所有用户：
       resultType:  结果集映射，我们这里查出来是User类型，所以resultType的值给User的全限定名
    -->
    <select id="selectAll" resultType="com.fs.entity.User">
        select * from tb_user
    </select>


    <!-- 根据id查询用户：
        parameterType:输入参数类型, 如果是简单数据类型(八大基本数据类型, String, 日期类型) 可以省略,
                          如果是自定义的类类型: 不可以省略，必须写类的全限定名
                          #{}是mybatis的占位符
    -->
    <select id="selectById" parameterType="int" resultType="com.fs.entity.User">
        select * from tb_user where id = #{id}
    </select>


    <!--添加用户：
    参数为自定义的User类型，必须写全限定名，
    没有结果集，返回的是首影响的行数
    -->
    <insert id="addUser" parameterType="com.fs.entity.User">
        insert into tb_user (id,username,password,sex,birthday,address) values(#{id},#{username},#{password},#{sex},#{birthday},#{address})
    </insert>


    <!--根据id删除用户-->
    <delete id="delById" parameterType="int">
        delete from tb_user where id = #{id}
    </delete>
</mapper>

5.编写全局配置文件(mybatis-config.xml)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>

    <!--开发环境-->
    <environments default="mysql">
        <environment id="mysql">
            <!--事务管理器: JDBC: 使用jdbc管理事务, 需要手动提交事务-->
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <!--dataSource数据源的类型: POOLED 连接池   UNPOOLED: 不带连接池 -->
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <!--数据库四大参数-->
                <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
                <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/work"/>
                <property name="username" value="root"/>
                <property name="password" value="root"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>

    <!--加载sql映射文件-->
    <mappers>  
        <mapper resource="UserMapper.xml"/>
    </mappers>

</configuration>

6.编写dao接口以及实现类

package com.fs.dao;

import com.fs.entity.User;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

public interface UserDao {
    List<User> selectAll() throws IOException;

    User selectById(int id) throws IOException;

    int addUser(User user) throws IOException;

    int delById(int id) throws IOException;
}

package com.fs.dao.impl;

import com.fs.dao.UserDao;
import com.fs.entity.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {

    private SqlSessionFactory sessionFactory;

    @Override
    public List<User> selectAll() throws IOException {
        InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
        SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
        sessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(in);
        SqlSession session  = sessionFactory.openSession();
        List<User> users = session.selectList("selectAll");
        session.commit();//提交 不然对数据库的更改无效
        session.close();
        return users;
    }

    @Override
    public User selectById(int id) throws IOException {
        InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
        SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
        sessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(in);
        SqlSession session  = sessionFactory.openSession();
        User user = session.selectOne("selectById");
        session.commit();
        session.close();
        return user;
    }

    @Override
    public int addUser(User user) throws IOException {
        InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
        SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
        sessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(in);
        SqlSession session  = sessionFactory.openSession();
        int row = session.insert("addUser",user);
        session.commit();
        session.close();
        return row;
    }

    @Override
    public int delById(int id) throws IOException {
        InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
        SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
        sessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(in);
        SqlSession session  = sessionFactory.openSession();
        int row = session.delete("delById",id);
        session.commit();
        session.close();
        return row;
    }
}

7.进行测试

package com.fs.dao.impl;

import com.fs.entity.User;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Date;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

public class UserDaoImplTest {

    private UserDaoImpl userDao = new UserDaoImpl();

    @Test
    public void selectAll() throws IOException {
        System.out.println(userDao.selectAll());
    }

    @Test
    public void selectById() throws IOException {
        System.out.println(userDao.selectById(1));
    }

    @Test
    public void addUser() throws IOException {
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1);
        user.setUsername("张三");
        user.setPassword("12345");
        user.setSex("男");
        user.setBirthday(new Date());
        user.setAddress("北京");
        userDao.addUser(user);
    }

    @Test
    public void delById() throws IOException {
        System.out.println(userDao.delById(1));
    }
}

这就是mybatis的原始的dao开发，在dao层实现类中获取sqlsession的代码重复了，而且我们通过sqlsession调用操作数据库的方法，如selectOne，selectList等，需要指定statement的id，不利于程序的维护

这里我们可以使用MybatisUtil封装，来减少重复代码：

package com.fs.util;

import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

public class MybatisUtil {
    private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
    private static ThreadLocal<SqlSession> tl = new ThreadLocal<>();


    static {
        InputStream in = null;
        try {
            in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
            SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
            sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(in);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public static SqlSession openSqlSession(){
        SqlSession sqlSession = tl.get();
        if(sqlSession == null){
            sqlSession =  sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
            tl.set(sqlSession);
        }
        return sqlSession;
    }

    public static void closeSqlSession(){
        SqlSession sqlSession = tl.get();
        if(sqlSession != null){
            sqlSession.commit();
            sqlSession.close();
            tl.remove();//防止内存泄漏
        }
    }

    //定义泛型方法 <T>: 定义泛型变量    T: 使用泛型变量
    // MybatisUtil.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
    public static <T> T getMapper(Class<T> clazz){
        SqlSession sqlSession = tl.get();
        if(sqlSession == null){
            sqlSession = openSqlSession();
        }
        return sqlSession.getMapper(clazz);
    }
}

这里关于Mybatis工具类的封装，后面会单独出一篇文章

使用工具类后，我们dao实现类代码就会简化成下面这样：

package com.fs.dao.impl;

import com.fs.dao.UserDao;
import com.fs.entity.User;
import com.fs.util.MybatisUtil;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {


    @Override
    public List<User> selectAll() throws IOException {
        SqlSession session = MybatisUtil.openSqlSession();
        List<User> users = session.selectList("selectAll");
        MybatisUtil.closeSqlSession();
        return users;
    }

    @Override
    public User selectById(int id) throws IOException {
        SqlSession session = MybatisUtil.openSqlSession();
        User user = session.selectOne("selectById",id);
        MybatisUtil.closeSqlSession();
        return user;
    }

    @Override
    public int addUser(User user) throws IOException {
        SqlSession session = MybatisUtil.openSqlSession();
        int row = session.insert("addUser",user);
        MybatisUtil.closeSqlSession();
        return row;
    }

    @Override
    public int delById(int id) throws IOException {
        SqlSession session = MybatisUtil.openSqlSession();
        int row = session.delete("delById",id);
        MybatisUtil.closeSqlSession();
        return row;
    }
}

进行测试：