一简介
Appium是一款开源的跨平台测试自动化工具,适用于本地,混合和移动网络和桌面应用程序。支持模拟器(iOS、Android)和真实设备(iOS,Android,Windows,Mac)。
准备工具
1.Xcode
2.PyCharm
3.Command Line Tool
4.HomeBrew 、Node 、npm ...
二 安装Homebrew
Homebrew 是MACOSX
的软件管理工具,粗俗点说就是ma界的qq软件助手之类的东西。所以通过brew,安装什么chrome浏览器啊、atom编辑器之类的可视化工具也是可以的。
/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"复制代码
三 安装Node
(1)使用Homebrew下载:
brew install node复制代码
(2)或者从官方地址下载.pkg文件安装
四 安装npm
npm 是node.js
界的程序/模块管理工具,也就是说npm只管理那些服务于JavaScript社区的程序。而且跨平台,只要有node环境,windows和osx,以及其他unix like操作系统都可以使用。如不需要命令行启动Appium可跳过此步骤。
切换淘宝镜像安装cnpm(由于某种原因,直接用npm下载安装会有好多网络问题,安装淘宝的cnpm要比npm好用):
npm install -g cnpm --registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org复制代码
五 安装carthage
类似cocoapods
管理第三方代码,自动将工程编译为动态库,仅支持iOS8以上。
brew install carthage复制代码
六 安装其他工具
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brew install libimobiledevice --HEAD复制代码
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ideviceinstaller 负责给iOS设备安装卸载应用或者备份应用。该工具是基于libmobiledevice的,因此首先要完成libmobiledevice的编译安装
brew install ideviceinstaller复制代码
ideviceinstaller不支持iOS10。所以我们还需要安装ios-deploy,ios-deploy是一个使用命令行安装iosapp到连接的设备的工具,原理是根据osx命令行工程调用系统底层函数,获取连接的设备、查询/安装/卸载app。
cnpm install -g ios-deploy复制代码
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xcpretty 用于对xcodebuild的输出进行格式化,可以不安装
sudo gem install xcpretty复制代码
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App Inspector 是运行在浏览器端的移动设备 UI 查看器,使用树状态结构查看 UI 布局,并且能自动生成 XPath,方便脚本的编写和生成。查看AppInspector用法
cnpm install app-inspector -g复制代码
七 下载Appium-Python-Client
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先安装 pip
sudo easy_install pip复制代码
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再安装 Appium-Python-Client
sudo pip install Appium-Python-Client复制代码
八 下载appium和appium-doctor
这里有两种安装appium的方式,一种是利用cnpm下载安装:
cnpm install -g appium复制代码
cnpm install -g appium-doctor复制代码
推荐! 还可以选择下载Appium-desktop安装包,打开Appium-desktop的dmg包,复制Appium.app到Applications文件夹中,即完成安装。
九 配置appium-xcuitest-driver
appium-xcuitest-driver其中引用Facebook提供的WDA方案来驱动iOS的测试
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// !如果WebDriverAgent 所在路径和此不同,请自行查找
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cd /usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-xcuitest-driver/WebDriverAgent
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// 如果是安装appium-desktop的话,路径为
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cd /Applications/Appium.app/Contents/Resources/app/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-xcuitest-driver/WebDriverAgent
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复制代码
mkdir -p Resources/WebDriverAgent.bundle复制代码
sh ./Scripts/bootstrap.sh复制代码
该脚本会使用Carthage下载所有的依赖,使用npm打包响应的js文件。
常见报错:Cannot find module ‘eslint-config-appium
加上参数-d即可:
sh ./Scripts/bootstrap.sh -d复制代码
运行成功截图如下:
重点来了!!!
如果怎么样都无法成功,请从github上拉取一份最新的wda代码!
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git clone https://github.com/facebook/WebDriverAgent.git
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cd 到WebDriverAgent
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sh ./Scripts/bootstrap.sh复制代码
运行成功后,把这一份代码替换到/usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-xcuitest-driver/WebDriverAgent下就OK了。一定要先运行成功,再替换!
参考链接:
Appium 1.6.5 and ios 10.3.3 真机测试
WebDriverAgent 天坑记
iOS 真机如何安装 WebDriverAgent
十 运行appium-doctor,查看结果
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appium-doctor
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info AppiumDoctor Appium Doctor v.1.4.3
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info AppiumDoctor ### Diagnostic starting ###
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info AppiumDoctor ✔ The Node.js binary was found at: /usr/local/bin/node
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info AppiumDoctor ✔ Node version is 8.9.4
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info AppiumDoctor ✔ Xcode is installed at: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer
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info AppiumDoctor ✔ Xcode Command Line Tools are installed.
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info AppiumDoctor ✔ DevToolsSecurity is enabled.
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info AppiumDoctor ✔ The Authorization DB is set up properly.
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info AppiumDoctor ✔ Carthage was found at: /usr/local/bin/carthage
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info AppiumDoctor ✔ HOME is set to: /Users/limaolin
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WARN AppiumDoctor ✖ ANDROID_HOME is NOT set!
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WARN AppiumDoctor ✖ JAVA_HOME is NOT set!
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WARN AppiumDoctor ✖ adb could not be found because ANDROID_HOME is NOT set!
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WARN AppiumDoctor ✖ android could not be found because ANDROID_HOME is NOT set!
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WARN AppiumDoctor ✖ emulator could not be found because ANDROID_HOME is NOT set!
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WARN AppiumDoctor ✖ Bin directory for $JAVA_HOME is not set
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info AppiumDoctor ### Diagnostic completed, 6 fixes needed. ###
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info AppiumDoctor
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info AppiumDoctor ### Manual Fixes Needed ###
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info AppiumDoctor The configuration cannot be automatically fixed, please do the following first:
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WARN AppiumDoctor - Manually configure ANDROID_HOME.
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WARN AppiumDoctor - Manually configure JAVA_HOME.
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WARN AppiumDoctor - Manually configure ANDROID_HOME and run appium-doctor again.
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WARN AppiumDoctor - Add '$JAVA_HOME/bin' to your PATH environment
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info AppiumDoctor ###
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info AppiumDoctor
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info AppiumDoctor Bye! Run appium-doctor again when all manual fixes have been applied!
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info AppiumDoctor复制代码
十一 配置Android_HOME、JAVA_HOME
下载Android SDK Manager推荐链接, 下载成功后,打开终端,输入cd到Android SDK的tools目录所在路径(从下载可见tools目录,将tools目录直接拖入到cd后面即可自动补全路径)
再输入命令./android sdk,弹出SDK Manager,如下图:
vi ~/.bash_profile复制代码
添加HOME路径:
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export JAVA_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home)
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export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
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export CLASS_PATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib
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export ANDROID_HOME=/usr/local/android-sdk-macosx复制代码
执行sources命令:
source ~/.bash_profile复制代码
再次运行appium-doctor
查看结果,此时:
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info AppiumDoctor Appium Doctor v.1.4.3
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info AppiumDoctor ### Diagnostic starting ###
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info AppiumDoctor ✔ The Node.js binary was found at: /usr/local/bin/node
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info AppiumDoctor ✔ Node version is 8.9.4
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info AppiumDoctor ✔ Xcode is installed at: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer
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info AppiumDoctor ✔ Xcode Command Line Tools are installed.
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info AppiumDoctor ✔ DevToolsSecurity is enabled.
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info AppiumDoctor ✔ The Authorization DB is set up properly.
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info AppiumDoctor ✔ Carthage was found at: /usr/local/bin/carthage
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info AppiumDoctor ✔ HOME is set to: /Users/limaolin
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info AppiumDoctor ✔ ANDROID_HOME is set to: /usr/local/android-sdk-macosx
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info AppiumDoctor ✔ JAVA_HOME is set to: /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_112.jdk/Contents/Home
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info AppiumDoctor ✔ adb exists at: /usr/local/android-sdk-macosx/platform-tools/adb
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info AppiumDoctor ✔ android exists at: /usr/local/android-sdk-macosx/tools/android
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info AppiumDoctor ✔ emulator exists at: /usr/local/android-sdk-macosx/tools/emulator
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info AppiumDoctor ✔ Bin directory of $JAVA_HOME is set
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info AppiumDoctor ### Diagnostic completed, no fix needed. ###
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info AppiumDoctor
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info AppiumDoctor Everything looks good, bye!
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info AppiumDoctor复制代码
如果还没有生效的话,进入终端的偏好设置:
修改shell的打开方式为 /bin/bash 安装zsh的童鞋自行修改为zshell的路径~
十二 编译WDA
WDA是appium自动化测试的核心。
配置正确的BundleId和证书,编译WebDriverAgentLib
、WebDriverAgentRunner
cmd+U运行测试,或者
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cd /usr/local/lib/node_modules/appium/node_modules/appium-xcuitest-driver/WebDriverAgent
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xcodebuild -project WebDriverAgent.xcodeproj -scheme WebDriverAgentRunner -destination 'id=真机的udid' test复制代码
开始测试
常见问题1:
解决方法: 在通用-描述文件与设备管理中信任刚才配置的开发者!重复刚才的命令就OK了~
常见问题2:
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Connection peer refused channel request for "dtxproxy:XCTestDriverInterface:XCTestManager_IDEInterface";
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channel canceled Failed to run tests: The operation couldn’t be completed. (DTXProxyChannel error 1.)复制代码
解决方法: 重新插拔一下USB线
当出现如下:
在浏览器访问 ServerURL/status
地址,如果没有出现listening on USB 如下图:
打开终端窗口,输入iproxy 8100 8100
,此时在MAC Safari中访问http://localhost:8100/status
确认WDA是否运行成功。如图:
inspector的地址是http://localhost:8100/inspector
, inspector是用来查看UI的图层,方便写测试脚本用的。
这里的inspector是wda自带的,Appium-desktop桌面版的inspector功能更加丰富,还可以录制脚本,搭建环境更省时间,建议大家使用桌面版。
至此,Appium环境搭建就基本完成了。