docker 常用操作

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-15 01:05:24 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-09-15 01:05:24 发布
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常用操作

docker version

[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           20.10.17
 API version:       1.41
 Go version:        go1.17.11
 Git commit:        100c701
 Built:             Mon Jun  6 23:03:11 2022
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default
 Experimental:      true

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          20.10.17
  API version:      1.41 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.17.11
  Git commit:       a89b842
  Built:            Mon Jun  6 23:01:29 2022
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.6.6
  GitCommit:        10c12954828e7c7c9b6e0ea9b0c02b01407d3ae1
 runc:
  Version:          1.1.2
  GitCommit:        v1.1.2-0-ga916309
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0

docker search：Search the Docker Hub for images

[root@localhost ~]# docker search httpd
NAME                                    DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
httpd                                   The Apache HTTP Server Project                  4106      [OK]       
centos/httpd-24-centos7                 Platform for running Apache httpd 2.4 or bui…   44                   
centos/httpd                                                                            35                   [OK]
solsson/httpd-openidc                   mod_auth_openidc on official httpd image, ve…   2                    [OK]
clearlinux/httpd                        httpd HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) ser…   2                    
hypoport/httpd-cgi                      httpd-cgi                                       2                    [OK]
nnasaki/httpd-ssi                       SSI enabled Apache 2.4 on Alpine Linux          1                    
dockerpinata/httpd                                                                      1                    
jonathanheilmann/httpd-alpine-rewrite   httpd:alpine with enabled mod_rewrite           1                    [OK]
......

docker pull：Pull an image or a repository from a registry

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull httpd
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/httpd
a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete 
dcc4698797c8: Pull complete 
41c22baa66ec: Pull complete 
67283bbdd4a0: Pull complete 
d982c879c57e: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:0954cc1af252d824860b2c5dc0a10720af2b7a3d3435581ca788dff8480c7b32
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest
docker.io/library/httpd:latest

docker images：List images

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
httpd        latest    dabbfbe0c57b   7 months ago   144MB

docker create：Create a new conntainer

[root@localhost ~]# docker create --name web httpd
fe27e3df2fbbd9c47a7029361bd99df3cb8b12b13aa9c5a232ae80b3c802a95a

docker start：Start one or more stopped containers

[root@localhost ~]# docker start web
web
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED         STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
fe27e3df2fbb   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   4 minutes ago   Up 57 seconds   80/tcp    web

docker run：Run a command in a new container

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name web2 -p 80:80 httpd
d68a5b9a36b5370bb5e0230b9afa433ecfc320987cd4bfc56c7585b947e574dc

docker attach：Attach to a runninng container

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name web3 httpd /bin/bash
[root@localhost ~]# docker start web3
web3
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
6d15bb0b25e2   httpd     "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   80/tcp    web3
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach web3
root@6d15bb0b25e2:/usr/local/apache2#

docker ps：List containers

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps		//正在运行的容器
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a    //全部容器
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED         STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
fe27e3df2fbb   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   2 minutes ago   Created             web

docker logs：Fetch the logs of a container

[root@localhost ~]# docker logs web2
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.3. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.3. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Thu Aug 04 09:29:56.148461 2022] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 139676208962880] AH00489: Apache/2.4.52 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Thu Aug 04 09:29:56.148669 2022] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 139676208962880] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'
[Thu Aug 04 09:33:11.371243 2022] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 139676208962880] AH00492: caught SIGWINCH, shutting down gracefully
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Thu Aug 04 09:38:00.204258 2022] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140273947393344] AH00489: Apache/2.4.52 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Thu Aug 04 09:38:00.204439 2022] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140273947393344] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'

docker restart：Restart a container

[root@localhost ~]# docker restart web
web

docker stop：Stop one or more running containers

[root@localhost ~]# docker stop web
web
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED         STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
fe27e3df2fbb   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   5 minutes ago   Exited (0) 10 seconds ago             web

docker kill：Kill one or more running containers

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name web2 -p 80:80 httpd
docker: Error response from daemon: Conflict. The container name "/web2" is already in use by container "b9e68c78c3247437cc95c4e6045bdb0f91080ec4c43719b992eb1368b0c342e1". You have to remove (or rename) that container to be able to reuse that name.
See 'docker run --help'.
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
b9e68c78c324   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   18 minutes ago   Exited (0) 11 minutes ago             web2
fe27e3df2fbb   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   30 minutes ago   Up 23 minutes               80/tcp    web
[root@localhost ~]# docker kill web2
Error response from daemon: Cannot kill container: web2: Container b9e68c78c3247437cc95c4e6045bdb0f91080ec4c43719b992eb1368b0c342e1 is not running
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
b9e68c78c324   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   19 minutes ago   Exited (0) 13 minutes ago             web2
fe27e3df2fbb   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   31 minutes ago   Up 25 minutes               80/tcp    web

docker rm：Remove onne or more containers

//docker rm 不能删除正在运行的容器；docker rm -f 可以强制删除正在运行的容器
//docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq | head -7)

[root@localhost ~]# docker rm web2 
web2
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
fe27e3df2fbb   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   33 minutes ago   Up 27 minutes   80/tcp    web

docker exec：Run a command in a running container

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name web2 -p 80:80 httpd
4d14e56bc48475548e1c1bca09ee52584279f507b2aaf294d8f0ab0037892d1c
[root@localhost ~]# docker start web2
web2
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
4d14e56bc484   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   8 minutes ago   Up 3 seconds   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   web2
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it web2 /bin/bash
root@4d14e56bc484:/usr/local/apache2#

docker info：Display system-wide information

[root@localhost ~]# docker info
Client:
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false
 Plugins:
  app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
  buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc., v0.8.2-docker)
  scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.17.0)

Server:
 Containers: 0
  Running: 0
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 0
 Images: 0
 Server Version: 20.10.17
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: xfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
  userxattr: false
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Cgroup Version: 1
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: runc io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 10c12954828e7c7c9b6e0ea9b0c02b01407d3ae1
 runc version: v1.1.2-0-ga916309
 init version: de40ad0
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: default
 Kernel Version: 4.18.0-257.el8.x86_64
 Operating System: CentOS Stream 8
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 1
 Total Memory: 1.748GiB
 Name: localhost.localdomain
 ID: HB3Q:U7HK:KLSX:TZIX:PAC6:IAC2:J5OE:3JC7:DCGK:YSHI:UJOR:PBW6
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Registry Mirrors:
  https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/
 Live Restore Enabled: false

docker inspect：Return low-level information on Docker objects

[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect web
[
    {
        "Id": "fe27e3df2fbbd9c47a7029361bd99df3cb8b12b13aa9c5a232ae80b3c802a95a",
        "Created": "2022-08-04T08:44:08.683295533Z",
        "Path": "httpd-foreground",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 2647,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-08-04T08:50:41.626262079Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2022-08-04T08:49:39.296177932Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:dabbfbe0c57b6e5cd4bc089818d3f664acfad496dc741c9a501e72d15e803b34",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/fe27e3df2fbbd9c47a7029361bd99df3cb8b12b13aa9c5a232ae80b3c802a95a/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/fe27e3df2fbbd9c47a7029361bd99df3cb8b12b13aa9c5a232ae80b3c802a95a/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/fe27e3df2fbbd9c47a7029361bd99df3cb8b12b13aa9c5a232ae80b3c802a95a/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/fe27e3df2fbbd9c47a7029361bd99df3cb8b12b13aa9c5a232ae80b3c802a95a/fe27e3df2fbbd9c47a7029361bd99df3cb8b12b13aa9c5a232ae80b3c802a95a-json.log",
        "Name": "/web",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7e98bc45786ac28c3d19bc2179636a8118d34929435dc7b0ccac174408a0f756-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/607629dc20cf8220f06f1aead3f29b7a6b03d0dcf3b4885e673627e2cf0ebded/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ce3e9fe0a04c2b5e563b7d685924fa307cd8f17ef7eb06f3931fbb5d5f0b1f59/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6b77e02cfb8e4c463435f631a263242ecd5eb458cec5b5da1d6becb5cdd610c2/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bbfbc47bd35490c86268814d9f71ccc972d2a6a64b740aa50889568dbd2ef114/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fd6b4fe76b85bc0e83ed7d0880b31fd15aa4e8fc9ec674a4fcaf44cd9d99051a/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7e98bc45786ac28c3d19bc2179636a8118d34929435dc7b0ccac174408a0f756/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7e98bc45786ac28c3d19bc2179636a8118d34929435dc7b0ccac174408a0f756/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7e98bc45786ac28c3d19bc2179636a8118d34929435dc7b0ccac174408a0f756/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "fe27e3df2fbb",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "80/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "HTTPD_PREFIX=/usr/local/apache2",
                "HTTPD_VERSION=2.4.52",
                "HTTPD_SHA256=0127f7dc497e9983e9c51474bed75e45607f2f870a7675a86dc90af6d572f5c9",
                "HTTPD_PATCHES="
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "httpd-foreground"
            ],
            "Image": "httpd",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "/usr/local/apache2",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {},
            "StopSignal": "SIGWINCH"
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "9fc75bc85380970e87503d9fa330682bd1048d9d15882a17e940139bc0db4a84",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {
                "80/tcp": null
            },
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/9fc75bc85380",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "6f857837772aa8d54bea1fcb3f9c25da84c5ee721a93c20b9cddc0d374d037ad",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "8bff26d1c351747927f6bcfbe3d4ebc73badd149a91b5e1bc9e7e897a92bba45",
                    "EndpointID": "6f857837772aa8d54bea1fcb3f9c25da84c5ee721a93c20b9cddc0d374d037ad",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

端口映射

[root@localhost ~]# curl http://172.17.0.2
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>

[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State   Recv-Q  Send-Q   Local Address:Port     Peer Address:Port  Process  
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:22            0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN  0       128               [::]:22               [::]:*              

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name web2 -p 80:80 httpd
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.3. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.3. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Thu Aug 04 08:55:44.012731 2022] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 139628455046464] AH00489: Apache/2.4.52 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Thu Aug 04 08:55:44.013620 2022] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 139628455046464] AH00094: Command line: 'httpd -D FOREGROUND'

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND              CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                               NAMES
b9e68c78c324   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   web2
fe27e3df2fbb   httpd     "httpd-foreground"   13 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes        80/tcp                              web
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State   Recv-Q  Send-Q   Local Address:Port     Peer Address:Port  Process  
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:80            0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:22            0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN  0       128               [::]:80               [::]:*              
LISTEN  0       128               [::]:22               [::]:*              

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config 
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0

//或配置防火墙规则
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --add-rich-rule 'rule family=ipv4 source address=0.0.0.0/0 service name=http accept' --permanent
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: ens160
  sources: 
  services: cockpit dhcpv6-client ssh
  ports: 
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules: 
	rule family="ipv4" source address="0.0.0.0/0" service name="http" accept

在这里插入图片描述

防火墙

  • iptables：CentOS6，默认放行
  • firewalld：CentOS7、CentOS8，默认拒绝
  • ebtables

内核版本

CentOS6 2.6.x
CentOS7 3.10.x
CentOS8 4.18.x

[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
4.18.0-257.el8.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Stream release 8
Cristal.木
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