1、取得每个部门最高薪水的人员名称
第一步:取得每个部门最高薪水(按照部门编号分组,找出每一组最大值)
mysql> select deptno,max(sal) as maxsal from emp group by deptno;
+--------+---------+
| deptno | maxsal |
+--------+---------+
| 10 | 5000.00 |
| 20 | 3000.00 |
| 30 | 2850.00 |
+--------+---------+
第二步:将以上的查询结果当做一张临时表t
t和emp表连接,条件:t.deptno = e.deptno and t.maxsal = e.sal
select
e.ename, t.*
from
emp e
join
(select deptno,max(sal) as maxsal from emp group by deptno) t
on
t.deptno = e.deptno and t.maxsal = e.sal;
+-------+--------+---------+
| ename | deptno | maxsal |
+-------+--------+---------+
| BLAKE | 30 | 2850.00 |
| SCOTT | 20 | 3000.00 |
| KING | 10 | 5000.00 |
| FORD | 20 | 3000.00 |
+-------+--------+---------+
2、哪些人的薪水在部门的平均薪水之上
第一步:找出每个部门的平均薪水
select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno;
+--------+-------------+
| deptno | avgsal |
+--------+-------------+
| 10 | 2916.666667 |
| 20 | 2175.000000 |
| 30 | 1566.666667 |
+--------+-------------+
第二步:将以上查询结果当做t表,t和emp表连接
条件:部门编号相同,并且emp的sal大于t表的avgsal
select
t.*, e.ename, e.sal
from
emp e
join
(select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno) t
on
e.deptno = t.deptno and e.sal > t.avgsal;
+--------+-------------+-------+---------+
| deptno | avgsal | ename | sal |
+--------+-------------+-------+---------+
| 30 | 1566.666667 | ALLEN | 1600.00 |
| 20 | 2175.000000 | JONES | 2975.00 |
| 30 | 1566.666667 | BLAKE | 2850.00 |
| 20 | 2175.000000 | SCOTT | 3000.00 |
| 10 | 2916.666667 | KING | 5000.00 |
| 20 | 2175.000000 | FORD | 3000.00 |
+--------+-------------+-------+---------+
3、取得部门中(所有人的)平均的薪水等级
平均的薪水等级:先计算每一个薪水的等级,然后找出薪水等级的平均值。
平均薪水的等级:先计算平均薪水,然后找出每个平均薪水的等级值。
第一步:找出每个人的薪水等级
emp e和salgrade s表连接。
连接条件:e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal
select
e.ename,e.sal,e.deptno,s.grade
from
emp e
join
salgrade s
on
e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal;
+--------+---------+--------+-------+
| ename | sal | deptno | grade |
+--------+---------+--------+-------+
| CLARK | 2450.00 | 10 | 4 |
| KING | 5000.00 | 10 | 5 |
| MILLER | 1300.00 | 10 | 2 |
| SMITH | 800.00 | 20 | 1 |
| ADAMS | 1100.00 | 20 | 1 |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 | 20 | 4 |
| FORD | 3000.00 | 20 | 4 |
| JONES | 2975.00 | 20 | 4 |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 | 30 | 2 |
| TURNER | 1500.00 | 30 | 3 |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 | 30 | 4 |
| ALLEN | 1600.00 | 30 | 3 |
| JAMES | 950.00 | 30 | 1 |
| WARD | 1250.00 | 30 | 2 |
+--------+---------+--------+-------+
第二步:基于以上的结果继续按照deptno分组,求grade的平均值。
select
e.deptno,avg(s.grade)
from
emp e
join
salgrade s
on
e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal
group by
e.deptno;
+--------+--------------+
| deptno | avg(s.grade) |
+--------+--------------+
| 10 | 3.6667 |
| 20 | 2.8000 |
| 30 | 2.5000 |
+--------+--------------+
4、不准用组函数(Max ),取得最高薪水
第一种:sal降序,limit 1
select ename,sal from emp order by sal desc limit 1;
+-------+---------+
| ename | sal |
+-------+---------+
| KING | 5000.00 |
+-------+---------+
第二种方案:select max(sal) from emp;
第三种方案:表的自连接
select sal from emp where sal not in(select distinct a.sal from emp a join emp b on a.sal < b.sal);
+---------+
| sal |
+---------+
| 5000.00 |
+---------+
从a表中找出比b表中元素小的,只有5000不能被找出来,因为5000最大,因此not in就表示最大值5000
select
distinct a.sal
from
emp a
join
emp b
on
a.sal < b.sal
a表、b表
+---------+
| sal |
+---------+
| 800.00 |
| 1600.00 |
| 1250.00 |
| 2975.00 |
| 1250.00 |
| 2850.00 |
| 2450.00 |
| 3000.00 |
| 5000.00 |
| 1500.00 |
| 1100.00 |
| 950.00 |
| 3000.00 |
| 1300.00 |
+---------+
5、取得平均薪水最高的部门的部门编号
第一种方案:降序取第一个。
第一步:找出每个部门的平均薪水
select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno;
+--------+-------------+
| deptno | avgsal |
+--------+-------------+
| 10 | 2916.666667 |
| 20 | 2175.000000 |
| 30 | 1566.666667 |
+--------+-------------+
第二步:降序选第一个。
select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno order by avgsal desc limit 1;
+--------+-------------+
| deptno | avgsal |
+--------+-------------+
| 10 | 2916.666667 |
+--------+-------------+
第二种方案:max
第一步:找出每个部门的平均薪水
select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno;
+--------+-------------+
| deptno | avgsal |
+--------+-------------+
| 10 | 2916.666667 |
| 20 | 2175.000000 |
| 30 | 1566.666667 |<