keepalived高可用

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-26 17:17:32 发布

三鲜馄饨

最新推荐文章于 2023-12-26 17:17:32 发布

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文章标签：网络服务器运维

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_64919856/article/details/127236000

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keepalived高可用

文章目录

keepalived高可用

keepalived简介

keepalived是什么

keepalived软件起初是为lvs负载均衡软件设计的，用来管理并监控lvs集群系统中各个服务节点的状态，后来又加入了可以实现高可用的VRRP功能。因此，keepalived除了能够管理lvs软件外，还可以作为其他服务（例如：Nginx、Haproxy、MySQL等）的高可用解决方案软件。

Keepalived软件主要是通过VRRP协议实现高可用功能的。VRRP是Virtual Router RedundancyProtocol(虚拟路由器冗余协议）的缩写，VRRP出现的目的就是为了解决静态路由单点故障问题的，它能够保证当个别节点宕机时，整个网络可以不间断地运行。

所以，Keepalived 一方面具有配置管理LVS的功能，同时还具有对LVS下面节点进行健康检查的功能，另一方面也可实现系统网络服务的高可用功能。

keepalived官网

keepalived的重要功能

keepalived 有三个重要的功能，分别是：

管理LVS负载均衡软件
实现LVS集群节点的健康检查
作为系统网络服务的高可用性（failover）

keepalived高可用故障转移的原理

Keepalived 高可用服务之间的故障切换转移，是通过 VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol ,虚拟路由器冗余协议）来实现的。

在 Keepalived 服务正常工作时，主 Master 节点会不断地向备节点发送（多播的方式）心跳消息，用以告诉备 Backup 节点自己还活看，当主 Master 节点发生故障时，就无法发送心跳消息，备节点也就因此无法继续检测到来自主 Master 节点的心跳了，于是调用自身的接管程序，接管主 Master 节点的 IP 资源及服务。而当主 Master 节点恢复时，备 Backup 节点又会释放主节点故障时自身接管的IP资源及服务，恢复到原来的备用角色。

那么，什么是VRRP呢？
VRRP ,全称 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol ,中文名为虚拟路由冗余协议，VRRP的出现就是为了解决静态踣甶的单点故障问题，VRRP是通过一种竞选机制来将路由的任务交给某台VRRP路由器的。

keepalived高可用架构图

keepalived_yuanli

VRRP协议与工作原理

在现实的网络环境中。主机之间的通信都是通过配置静态路由或者(默认网关)来完成的，而主机之间的路由器一旦发生故障，通信就会失效，因此这种通信模式当中，路由器就成了一个单点瓶颈，为了解决这个问题，就引入了VRRP协议。

VRRP协议是一种容错的主备模式的协议，保证当主机的下一跳路由出现故障时，由另一台路由器来代替出现故障的路由器进行工作，通过VRRP可以在网络发生故障时透明的进行设备切换而不影响主机之间的数据通信。

20180828100250135_result

虚拟路由器：虚拟路由器是VRRP备份组中所有路由器的集合，它是一个逻辑概念，并不是正真存在的。从备份组外面看备份组中的路由器，感觉组中的所有路由器就像一个一样，可以理解为在一个组中：主路由器+所有备份路由器=虚拟路由器。虚拟路由器有一个虚拟的IP地址和MAC地址。主机将虚拟路由器当作默认网关。虚拟MAC地址的格式为00-00-5E-00-01-{VRID}。通常情况下，虚拟路由器回应ARP请求使用的是虚拟MAC地址，只有虚拟路由器做特殊配置的时候，才回应接口的真实MAC地址。

主路由器（MASTER）：虚拟路由器通过虚拟IP对外提供服务，而在虚拟路由器内部同一时间只有一台物理路由器对外提供服务，这台提供服务的物理路由器被称为主路由器。一般情况下Master是由选举算法产生，它拥有对外服务的虚拟IP，提供各种网络功能，如：ARP请求，ICMP数据转发等。

备份路由器（BACKUP）：虚拟路由器中的其他物理路由器不拥有对外的虚拟IP，也不对外提供网络功能，仅接受MASTER的VRRP状态通告信息，这些路由器被称为备份路由器。当主路由器失败时，处于BACKUP角色的备份路由器将重新进行选举，产生一个新的主路由器进入MASTER角色，继续提供对外服务，整个切换对用户来说是完全透明的。

VRRP选举机制

VRRP路由器在运行过程中有三种状态：

Initialize状态：系统启动后就进入Initialize，此状态下路由器不对VRRP报文做任何处理；
Master状态
Backup状态

一般主路由器处于Master状态，备份路由器处于Backup状态。

VRRP使用选举机制来确定路由器的状态，优先级选举：
1.VRRP组中IP拥有者。如果虚拟IP地址与VRRP组中的某台VRRP路由器IP地址相同，则此路由器为IP地址拥有者，这台路由器将被定位主路由器。
2.比较优先级。如果没有IP地址拥有者，则比较路由器的优先级，优先级的范围是0~255，优先级大的作为主路由器
3.比较IP地址。在没有Ip地址拥有者和优先级相同的情况下，IP地址大的作为主路由器。

工作过程

路由器使用VRRP 功能后，会根据优先级确定自己在备份组中的角色。优先级高的路由器成为Master 路由器，优先级低的成为Backup 路由器。Master 拥有对外服务的虚拟IP，提供各种网络功能，并定期发送VRRP 报文，通知备份组内的其他设备自己工作正常；Backup 路由器只接收Master 发来的报文信息，用来监控Master 的运行状态。当Master 失效时，Backup 路由器进行选举，优先级高的Backup 将成为新的Master 。

在抢占方式下，当Backup 路由器收到VRRP 报文后，会将自己的优先级与报文中的优先级进行比较。如果大于通告报文中的优先级，则成为Master 路由器；否则将保持Backup状态；

在非抢占方式下，只要Master 路由器没有出现故障，备份组中的路由器始终保持Master 或Backup 状态，Backup 路由器即使随后被配置了更高的优先级也不会成为Master 路由器；

如果Backup 路由器的定时器超时后仍未收到Master 路由器发送来的VRRP报文，则认为Master 路由器已经无法正常工作，此时Backup 路由器会认为自己是Master 路由器，并对外发送VRRP报文。备份组内的路由器根据优先级选举出Master 路由器，承担报文的转发功能。

keepalived工作原理

介绍完 VRRP,接下来我再介绍一下 Keepalived服务的工作原理：

Keepalived高可用是通过 VRRP 进行通信的， VRRP是通过竞选机制来确定主备的，主的优先级高于备，因此，工作时主会优先获得所有的资源，备节点处于等待状态，当主挂了的时候，备节点就会接管主节点的资源，然后顶替主节点对外提供服务。

在 Keepalived 服务之间，只有作为主的服务器会一直发送 VRRP 广播包,告诉备它还活着，此时备不会枪占主，当主不可用时，即备监听不到主发送的广播包时，就会启动相关服务接管资源，保证业务的连续性.接管速度最快可以小于1秒。

keeepalived配置文件详解

keepalived默认配置文件

keepalived 的主配置文件是 /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf。其内容如下：

[root@master ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {       //全局配置
   notification_email {     //定义报警收件人邮件地址
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc    //定义报警发件人邮箱
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1    //邮箱服务器地址
   smtp_connect_timeout 30      //定义邮箱超时时间
   router_id LVS_DEVEL          //定义路由标识信息，同局域网内唯一
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {        //定义实例
    state MASTER            //指定keepalived节点的初始状态，可选值为MASTER|BACKUP
    interface eth0          //VRRP实例绑定的网卡接口，用户发送VRRP包
    virtual_router_id 51    //虚拟路由的ID，同一集群要一致
    priority 100            //定义优先级，按优先级来决定主备角色，优先级越大越优先
    nopreempt               //设置不抢占
    advert_int 1            //主备通讯时间间隔
    authentication {        //配置认证
        auth_type PASS      //认证方式，此处为密码
        auth_pass 1111      //同一集群中的keepalived配置里的此处必须一致，推荐使用8位随机数
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {     //配置要使用的VIP地址
        192.168.200.16
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.200.16 1358 {    //配置虚拟服务器
    delay_loop 6        //健康检查的时间间隔
    lb_algo rr          //lvs调度算法
    lb_kind NAT         //lvs模式
    persistence_timeout 50      //持久化超时时间，单位是秒
    protocol TCP        //4层协议

    sorry_server 192.168.200.200 1358   //定义备用服务器，当所有RS都故障时用sorry_server来响应客户端

    real_server 192.168.200.2 1358 {    //定义真实处理请求的服务器
        weight 1    //给服务器指定权重，默认为1
        HTTP_GET {
            url {
              path /testurl/test.jsp    //指定要检查的URL路径
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d   //摘要信息
            }
            url {
              path /testurl2/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
            }
            url {
              path /testurl3/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
            }
            connect_timeout 3       //连接超时时间
            nb_get_retry 3          //get尝试次数
            delay_before_retry 3    //在尝试之前延迟多长时间
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.200.3 1358 {
        weight 1
        HTTP_GET {
            url {
              path /testurl/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334c
            }
            url {
              path /testurl2/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334c
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

定制主配置文件

vrrp_instance段配置

nopreempt   //设置为不抢占。默认是抢占的，当高优先级的机器恢复后，会抢占低优先 \
级的机器成为MASTER，而不抢占，则允许低优先级的机器继续成为MASTER，即使高优先级 \
的机器已经上线。如果要使用这个功能，则初始化状态必须为BACKUP。

preempt_delay   //设置抢占延迟。单位是秒，范围是0---1000，默认是0.发现低优先 \
级的MASTER后多少秒开始抢占。

vrrp_script段配置

//作用：添加一个周期性执行的脚本。脚本的退出状态码会被调用它的所有的VRRP Instance记录。
//注意：至少有一个VRRP实例调用它并且优先级不能为0.优先级范围是1-254.
vrrp_script <SCRIPT_NAME> {
          ...
    }

//选项说明：
script "/path/to/somewhere"      //指定要执行的脚本的路径。
interval <INTEGER>              //指定脚本执行的间隔。单位是秒。默认为1s。
timeout <INTEGER>               //指定在多少秒后，脚本被认为执行失败。
weight <-254 --- 254>           //调整优先级。默认为2.
rise <INTEGER>                  //执行成功多少次才认为是成功。
fall <INTEGER>                  //执行失败多少次才认为失败。
user <USERNAME> [GROUPNAME]     //运行脚本的用户和组。
init_fail                       //假设脚本初始状态是失败状态。

//weight说明： 
1. 如果脚本执行成功(退出状态码为0)，weight大于0，则priority增加。
2. 如果脚本执行失败(退出状态码为非0)，weight小于0，则priority减少。
3. 其他情况下，priority不变。

real_server段配置

weight <INT>            //给服务器指定权重。默认是1
inhibit_on_failure      //当服务器健康检查失败时，将其weight设置为0， \
                        //而不是从Virtual Server中移除
notify_up <STRING>      //当服务器健康检查成功时，执行的脚本
notify_down <STRING>    //当服务器健康检查失败时，执行的脚本
uthreshold <INT>        //到这台服务器的最大连接数
lthreshold <INT>        //到这台服务器的最小连接数

tcp_check段配置

connect_ip <IP ADDRESS>     //连接的IP地址。默认是real server的ip地址
connect_port <PORT>         //连接的端口。默认是real server的端口
bindto <IP ADDRESS>         //发起连接的接口的地址。
bind_port <PORT>            //发起连接的源端口。
connect_timeout <INT>       //连接超时时间。默认是5s。
fwmark <INTEGER>            //使用fwmark对所有出去的检查数据包进行标记。
warmup <INT>    //指定一个随机延迟，最大为N秒。可防止网络阻塞。如果为0，则关闭该功能。
retry <INIT>                //重试次数。默认是1次。
delay_before_retry <INT>    //默认是1秒。在重试之前延迟多少秒。

实例

global_defs {
    router_id LVS_Server
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 150
    nopreempt
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass wangqing
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {  
        172.16.12.250 dev ens33
    }
}
virtual_server 172.16.12.250 80 {
    delay_loop 3
    lvs_sched rr
    lvs_method DR
    protocol TCP
    real_server 172.16.12.129 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
    real_server 172.16.12.130 8080 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 8080
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

keepalived实现nginx负载均衡高可用

环境说明

系统信息	主机名	IP
centos8	master	192.168.17.133
centos8	slave	192.168.17.147

本次高可用虚拟IP（VIP）地址暂定为 192.168.17.250

keepalived安装

配置主keepalived

#关闭防火墙与selinux
[root@master ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@master ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service 
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
[root@master ~]# getenforce 
Disabled



#配置网络源
[root@master yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo
[root@master yum.repos.d]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@master yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo   epel-next-testing.repo  epel-playground.repo       epel-testing.repo
epel-modular.repo  epel-next.repo          epel-testing-modular.repo  epel.repo


#安装keepalived
[root@master ~]# yum -y install keepalived


#查看安装生成的文件
[root@master ~]# rpm -ql keepalived
/etc/keepalived			//配置目录
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf				//此为主配置文件
/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
/usr/bin/genhash
/usr/lib/.build-id
/usr/lib/.build-id/0a
/usr/lib/.build-id/0a/410997e11c666114ca6d785e58ff0cc248744e
/usr/lib/.build-id/6f
/usr/lib/.build-id/6f/ba0d6bad6cb5ff7b074e703849ed93bebf4a0f
/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service	//此为服务控制文件
/usr/libexec/keepalived
/usr/sbin/keepalived
/usr/share/doc/keepalived
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/AUTHOR
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/CONTRIBUTORS
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/ChangeLog
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/README
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/TODO
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.HTTP_GET.port
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.IPv6
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.PING_CHECK
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.SMTP_CHECK
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.SSL_GET
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.SYNOPSIS
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.UDP_CHECK
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.conditional_conf
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.fwmark
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.inhibit
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.misc_check
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.misc_check_arg
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.quorum
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.sample
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.status_code
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.track_interface
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.virtual_server_group
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.virtualhost
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.localcheck
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.lvs_syncd
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.routes
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.rules
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.scripts
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.static_ipaddress
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.sync
/usr/share/man/man1/genhash.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/keepalived.conf.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/keepalived.8.gz
/usr/share/snmp/mibs/KEEPALIVED-MIB.txt
/usr/share/snmp/mibs/VRRP-MIB.txt
/usr/share/snmp/mibs/VRRPv3-MIB.txt

备服务器安装keepalived

#关闭防火墙与SELINUX
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service 
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service 
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0


#配置网络源
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release vim wget



#安装keepalived
[root@slave ~]# yum -y install keepalived

在主备机上分别安装nginx

在master上安装nginx

[root@master ~]# yum -y install nginx
[root@master ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@master html]# ls
404.html  50x.html  index.html  nginx-logo.png  poweredby.png
[root@master html]# echo 'master' > index.html 
[root@master html]# ls
404.html  50x.html  index.html  nginx-logo.png  poweredby.png
[root@master html]# systemctl start nginx
[root@master html]# systemctl enable nginx
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@master html]# ss -anlt
State      Recv-Q     Send-Q         Local Address:Port         Peer Address:Port    Process     
LISTEN     0          128                  0.0.0.0:22                0.0.0.0:*                   
LISTEN     0          128                  0.0.0.0:80                0.0.0.0:*                   
LISTEN     0          128                     [::]:22                   [::]:*                   
LISTEN     0          128                     [::]:80                   [::]:*

在slave上安装nginx

[root@slave ~]# yum -y install nginx
[root@slave ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@slave html]# ls
404.html  50x.html  index.html  nginx-logo.png  poweredby.png
[root@slave html]# echo 'slave' > index.html 
[root@slave html]# systemctl start nginx
[root@slave html]# ss -anlt
State      Recv-Q     Send-Q         Local Address:Port         Peer Address:Port    Process     
LISTEN     0          128                  0.0.0.0:80                0.0.0.0:*                   
LISTEN     0          128                  0.0.0.0:22                0.0.0.0:*                   
LISTEN     0          128                     [::]:80                   [::]:*                   
LISTEN     0          128                     [::]:22                   [::]:*

访问

keepalived配置

配置主keepalived

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
  
global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass yqz1230
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.17.250
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.17.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.17.133 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.17.147 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}


[root@master keepalived]# systemctl start keepalived.service 
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable keepalived.service 
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.

配置备keepalived

[root@slave ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb02
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass yqz1230
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.17.250
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.17.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.17.133 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
 }

    real_server 192.168.17.147 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
 
[root@slave keepalived]# systemctl start keepalived.service 
[root@slave ~]# systemctl enable keepalived.service 
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.

查看VIP

在master上查看

[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:ab:fe:16 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.17.133/24 brd 192.168.17.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.17.250/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feab:fe16/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

在slave上查看

[root@slave ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:80:e4:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.17.147/24 brd 192.168.17.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe80:e468/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

让keepalived监控nginx负载均衡机

keepalived通过脚本来监控nginx负载均衡机的状态

在master上编写脚本

[root@master ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@master ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@master scripts]# vim check_n.sh
#!/bin/bash
nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
            systemctl stop keepalived
fi

[root@master scripts]# chmod +x check_n.sh 
[root@master scripts]# ls
check_n.sh


#查看效果
[root@master scripts]# systemctl status keepalived.service 
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2022-10-08 20:13:33 CST; 18min ago
  Process: 128024 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCC>
 Main PID: 128025 (keepalived)

[root@master scripts]# systemctl stop nginx.service 
[root@master scripts]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root      166744    1465  0 20:32 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@master scripts]# ./check_n.sh 
[root@master scripts]# systemctl status keepalived.service 
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Sat 2022-10-08 20:33:06 CST; 14s ago
  Process: 128024 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCC>
 Main PID: 128025 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)


[root@master scripts]# vim notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
case "$1" in
master)
           nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
           if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
                   systemctl start nginx
           fi
           sendmail
;;                                                            backup)                                                                                        
           nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)                                 
           if [ $nginx_status -gt 0 ];then                
           systemctl stop nginx                                         fi
;;
*)                                                                      echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"           
;;
esac

[root@master scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh 
[root@master scripts]# ./notify.sh backup
[root@master scripts]# ss -anlt
State      Recv-Q     Send-Q         Local Address:Port         Peer Address:Port    Process     
LISTEN     0          128                  0.0.0.0:22                0.0.0.0:*                   
LISTEN     0          128                     [::]:22                   [::]:*                   
[root@master scripts]# ./notify.sh master
[root@master scripts]# ss -anlt
State      Recv-Q     Send-Q         Local Address:Port         Peer Address:Port    Process     
LISTEN     0          128                  0.0.0.0:22                0.0.0.0:*                   
LISTEN     0          128                  0.0.0.0:80                0.0.0.0:*                   
LISTEN     0          128                     [::]:22                   [::]:*                   
LISTEN     0          128                     [::]:80                   [::]:*

在slave上编写脚本

[root@slave scripts]# vim notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
case "$1" in
master)
           nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
           if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
                   systemctl start nginx
           fi
           sendmail
;;                                                            backup)                                                                                        
           nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)                                 
           if [ $nginx_status -gt 0 ];then                
           systemctl stop nginx                                         fi
;;
*)                                                                      echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"           
;;
esac

[root@slave scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh

配置keepalived加入监控脚本的配置

配置主keepalived

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_script nginx_check {
    script "/scripts/check_n.sh"
    interval 1
    weight -20
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass yqz1230
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.17.250
    }
    track_script {
        nginx_check
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.17.250"
    notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.17.250"
}

virtual_server 192.168.17.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.17.133 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.17.147 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

[root@master ~]# systemctl restart keepalived

配置备keepalived


! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb02
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass yqz1230
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
           192.168.17.250
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.17.250"
    notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.17.250"
}

virtual_server 192.168.17.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
	persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.17.133 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.17.147 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
   connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@slave ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service

检验

#关闭nginx，查看keepalived是否关闭，查看slave的效果
[root@master ~]# systemctl stop nginx
[root@master ~]# ss -anlt
State      Recv-Q     Send-Q         Local Address:Port         Peer Address:Port    Process     
LISTEN     0          128                  0.0.0.0:22                0.0.0.0:*                   
LISTEN     0          128                     [::]:22                   [::]:*                   
[root@master ~]# systemctl status keepalived.service 
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Sat 2022-10-08 21:28:53 CST; 17min ago
 Main PID: 272582 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 
 
#slave上看是否有VIP，nginx和keepalived是否启动
 [root@slave ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:80:e4:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.17.147/24 brd 192.168.17.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.17.250/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe80:e468/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@slave ~]# ss -anlt
State      Recv-Q     Send-Q         Local Address:Port         Peer Address:Port    Process     
LISTEN     0          128                  0.0.0.0:80                0.0.0.0:*                   
LISTEN     0          128                  0.0.0.0:22                0.0.0.0:*                   
LISTEN     0          128                     [::]:80                   [::]:*                   
LISTEN     0          128                     [::]:22                   [::]:*                   
[root@slave ~]# systemctl status nginx.service 
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2022-10-08 21:46:14 CST; 2min 9s ago
  Process: 247111 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 247109 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 247107 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 247112 (nginx)
    Tasks: 5 (limit: 23460)
   Memory: 7.7M
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─247112 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
           ├─247113 nginx: worker process
           ├─247114 nginx: worker process
           ├─247115 nginx: worker process
           └─247116 nginx: worker process

Oct 08 21:46:14 slave systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
[root@slave ~]# systemctl status keepalived.service 
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2022-10-08 21:46:10 CST; 2min 24s ago
  Process: 246961 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCC>
 Main PID: 246962 (keepalived)
    Tasks: 3 (limit: 23460)

keepalived实现haproxy高可用

环境说明

系统信息	主机名	IP
Centos8	master	192.168.17.133
Centos8	slave	192.168.17.147
Centos8	RS1	192.168.17.134
Centos8	RS2	192.168.17.148

keepalived安装

配置主keepalived

[root@master ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@master ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
[root@master ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled


[root@master ~]# yum -y install keepalived
[root@master ~]# rpm -ql keepalived
/etc/keepalived
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
/usr/bin/genhash
/usr/lib/.build-id
/usr/lib/.build-id/0a
/usr/lib/.build-id/0a/410997e11c666114ca6d785e58ff0cc248744e
/usr/lib/.build-id/6f
/usr/lib/.build-id/6f/ba0d6bad6cb5ff7b074e703849ed93bebf4a0f
/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service
/usr/libexec/keepalived
/usr/sbin/keepalived
/usr/share/doc/keepalived
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/AUTHOR
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/CONTRIBUTORS
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/ChangeLog
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/README
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/TODO
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.HTTP_GET.port
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.IPv6
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.PING_CHECK
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.SMTP_CHECK
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.SSL_GET
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.SYNOPSIS
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.UDP_CHECK
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.conditional_conf
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.fwmark
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.inhibit
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.misc_check
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.misc_check_arg
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.quorum
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.sample
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.status_code
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.track_interface
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.virtual_server_group
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.virtualhost
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.localcheck
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.lvs_syncd
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.routes
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.rules
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.scripts
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.static_ipaddress
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.sync
/usr/share/man/man1/genhash.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/keepalived.conf.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/keepalived.8.gz
/usr/share/snmp/mibs/KEEPALIVED-MIB.txt
/usr/share/snmp/mibs/VRRP-MIB.txt
/usr/share/snmp/mibs/VRRPv3-MIB.txt

备服务器安装keepalived

[root@slave ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service 
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
[root@slave ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled

[root@slave ~]# yum -y install keepalived

keepalived配置

配置主keepalived

[root@master ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@master keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf
[root@master keepalived]# mv keepalived.conf{，.bak}
[root@master keepalived]# vi keepalived.conf
[root@master keepalived]# cat keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb01
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass yqz1230
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.17.250
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.17.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.17.133 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.17.147 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

[root@master keepalived]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@master keepalived]# systemctl enable keepalived

配置备keepalived

[root@master keepalived]# scp keepalived.conf root@192.168.17.147:/etc/keepalived/
[root@slave ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@slave keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf
[root@slave keepalived]# vi keepalived.conf 
[root@slave keepalived]# cat keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb02
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass yqz1230
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.17.250
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.17.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.17.133 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.17.133 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}
[root@slave keepalived]# systemctl enable --now keepalived.service

查看VIP

在MASTER上查看

[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:b8:32:24 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.17.133/24 brd 192.168.17.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.17.250/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feb8:3224/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

在SLAVE上查看

[root@slave keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:70:9e:3b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.17.147/24 brd 192.168.17.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe70:9e3b/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

在主备服务器上分别搭建Haproxy,使用Haproxy搭建http负载均衡

RS1、RS2都关闭防火墙和selinux
#RS1和RS2部署httpd
[root@RS1 ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@RS1 ~]# echo RS1 > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@RS1 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@RS1 ~]# systemctl enable httpd

[root@RS2 ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@RS2 ~]# echo RS2 > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@RS2 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@RS2 ~]# systemctl enable httpd


#修改master 的内核参数
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@master ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1


#修改haproxy配置文件
[root@master ~]# vi /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg 
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg 
global
    daemon
    maxconn 256

defaults
    mode http
    timeout connect 5000ms
    timeout client 50000ms
    timeout server 50000ms

frontend http-in
    bind *:80
    default_backend servers

backend servers
    server web01 192.168.17.134:80
    server web02 192.168.17.148:80
    
#启动haproxy服务
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart haproxy.service
#验证
[root@master ~]# curl http://192.168.17.147
RS1
[root@master ~]# curl http://192.168.17.147
RS2
[root@master ~]# curl http://192.168.17.147
RS1
[root@master ~]# curl http://192.168.17.147

在备服务器上

[root@slave ~]# vi /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
[root@slave ~]# cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
global
    daemon
    maxconn 256

defaults
    mode http
    timeout connect 5000ms
    timeout client 50000ms
    timeout server 50000ms

frontend http-in
    bind *:80
    default_backend servers

backend servers
    server web01 192.168.17.134:80
    server web02 192.168.17.148:80
  
#启动haproxy服务
[root@slave~]# systemctl restart haproxy.service
#验证
[root@slave ~]# curl http://192.168.17.133
RS1
[root@slave ~]# curl http://192.168.17.133
RS2

在主服务器上使用VIP访问测试

[root@master ~]# curl http://192.168.17.250
RS2
[root@master ~]# curl http://192.168.17.250
RS1

04707fd8e779ad741bd2ea04abf157a

6839c0d4dcf0b70cd13370834305dc6

当备服务器成为master时

[root@master ~]# systemctl stop keepalived.service
[root@slave haproxy-2.6.0]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:70:9e:3b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.17.147/24 brd 192.168.17.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.17.250/32 scope global ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe70:9e3b/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@slave haproxy-2.6.0]# curl http://192.168.17.250
RS2
[root@slave haproxy-2.6.0]# curl http://192.168.17.250
RS1