【Java】【死锁】多线程死锁问题

1、多个线程死锁实例

（1）两个线程发生死锁

两个线程，两把锁产生死锁的代码实例

public class demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Object locker1 = new Object();
        Object locker2 = new Object();

        Thread thread1 = new Thread(()->{
            synchronized (locker1){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }

                synchronized (locker2){
                    System.out.println("线程1进行了加锁");
                }
            }
        });

        Thread thread2 = new Thread(()->{
            synchronized (locker2){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }

                synchronized (locker1){
                    System.out.println("线程2进行了加锁");
                }
            }
        });

        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
    }
}

运行上述代码，由于发生死锁，运行不出结果

产生死锁的原因是：

一开始，线程1拿到了locker1的琐，线程2拿到了locker2的琐

接着，线程1想拿到locker2，此时线程2还没有释放locker1；与此同时，线程2想拿locker1，而线程1还没有释放locker1

两个线程在这里发生僵持，便产生了死锁

（2）多个线程发生死锁

对于N个线程，M把锁发生死锁，可见哲学家进餐问题

2、嵌套与并行

上述多线程发生死锁一定是建立在加锁时是嵌套关系下

如果是并行关系，则不会发生死锁。如

public class demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Object locker1 = new Object();
        Object locker2 = new Object();

        Thread thread1 = new Thread(()->{
            synchronized (locker1) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
            
            synchronized (locker2){
                System.out.println("线程1进行了加锁");
            }

        });

        Thread thread2 = new Thread(()->{
            synchronized (locker2) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }

            synchronized (locker1){
                System.out.println("线程2进行了加锁");
            }
        });

        thread1.start();
        thread2.start();
    }
}

上述代码则不会发生死锁