英语--定语从句

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分类专栏：英语文章标签：笔记

于 2023-12-20 22:13:10 首次发布

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概念

定语

1.译成".....的"

2.修饰名词/代词

She is a beautiful girl. 形容词 adj

定语从句

从句作定语，修饰名词/代词

She is a teacher who ofter helps others.

形容词修饰名词的位置

单独一个单词：名词前

介词短语，定语从句：名词后

I love the money in your pocket.

结构

先行词+关系词+从句

She is a teacher who ofter helps others.

先行词关系词 定语从句

先行词

被定语从句修饰的词

一般是名词n.，代词；表示人，事物，时间，地点，原因...

关系词

连接先行词和从句，代替先行词，在从句中充当成成分

关系代词： that,which,who,whom,whose,as

关系副词：when,where,why

无what和who

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.

Do you know everybody who came to the party?

This is the place where Chairman Man once lived.

从句

从关系词开始，到第二个谓语动词前；若无，则至句末。

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.

Everybody who came to the party received a gift.

关系代词

先行词：人

that,who,whom,whose(人的)

指人：who/whom/that

who:在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略

I prefer singers who can write their own lyrics.

从句：singers can write their own lyrics

whom:在从句中作宾语，可省略

Do you know the young man (whom/who/) we met at the gate?

从句：we met the young man at the gate

that:在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略

I prefer singers who/that can write their own lyrics.

Do you know the young man (whom/who/that) we met at the gate ?

先行词：物

that,which,whose(物的)

which:在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略

I received a letter which came from America.

从句：a letter came from America.

This is the book which I lose yesterday.

从句：I lose the book yesterday.

that:在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略

I received a letter which/that came from America.

This is the book which/that I lose yesterday.

先行词指人的或者物的：whose

whose: 在从句中作定语，表示所属关系

“先行词 + 的 +n.”

I know the boy whose father is a professor.

Do you like the book whose cover is yellow.

所缺成分	关系词	先行词	人	物
主语			that/who	that/which
宾语			that/who/whom/不填	that/which/不填
定语			whose	whose

特殊清况

只有that,不用which的情况

任务代高恰恰序+壁重复

1.先行词为代词：everything/anything/something/nothing/all/none/much/little/the one...

She gave me everything that she had.

There was litter that I could do to help her.

2.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰

He was the first person that passed the exam.

The most touching novel that I have ever read is written by Jin Yong.

3.先行词被the only(唯一),the very/the right(恰恰),the last(最后)等词修饰

He is the only person that I`ll never forge.

This is the right place that I want to find to build my house.

4.先行词里既有人又有物时

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

5.以which或who引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that

Who is the girl that is crying?

不用that的情况

1.介词后面用which/whom,不用that

Tom is the student with whom our teacher got angry.

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

We depend on the land (which/that) we get our food from.

2.先行词为that,those时，用which

What`s that which is under the desk

做题方法

1.化从句，找先行词

2.看题干，判特殊情况（“只用that不用which”/"不能用that"）介后which/whom+避重复

看选项，有whose，判whose（“先行词的n.“是否成立）
3.判断先行词指人指物

4.判断关系代词在从句中的成分（宾语可省略）

关系副词

关系副词	修饰先行词	从句中的成分
when	时间	时间状语=介词+which
where	地点	地点状语=介词+which
why	原因reason	原因状语=for+which

1.先行词表时间

从句不缺主/宾/表/定语（完整）用when引导，做从句的时间状语

I`ll never forget the day when you joined our club.

从句：you joined our club on the day

=I`ll never forget the day on which you joined our club.

2.先行词表示地点

从句不缺主/宾/表/定语（完整）用where引导，做从句的地点状语

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

从句：I lived in the house two years age

=This is the house in which I lived two years age.

3.先行词表示原因

从句不缺主/宾/表/定语（完整）用why引导，做从句的原因状语

Please tell me the reason why you are late.

从句：you are late for the reason

=Please tell me the reason for which you are late.

做题方法

1.化从句，找先行词

2.从句完整--关副，不完整--关代

3.关复：看先行词（介词的选择看从句句意）

关代：看题干，判特殊清空；看选项，判whose

判断先行词指人指物

判断关系代词在从句中的成分（宾语可省略）

限制性与非限制性定语从句

	限制性定语从句	非限制性定语从句
先行词	名/代词	名/代词，句子
意义限定	去掉从句，主句意思往往不明确	去掉从句，也不影响主句的意思
形式	不用“，”隔开	与主句“，”分开
关系词		不用that和why