英语--名词性从句

主语从句

概念

复合句中从句主句的主语，通常放在谓语动词之前

What you have done hurts me deeply.

When he will come is unknown.

 类型

主语从句： 从句 + 谓语V.

形式主语： 1.It + be + 形/名/过去分词 +that从句

                   2.It + 不及物动词 + that从句

It is obvious that you are late for the meeting.

It appears that he lacks the understanding of agriculture.

找从句

划动词，括从句

（从引导词或空处开始，到第二个谓语动词；若无，则括至句末）

What you need is more practice.

You ask me ___ he has done.

It`s known ___ walking is of great help to older people.

___ walking is of great help to older people is known.

 从句的语序：陈述句（主+谓）

引导词

引导词	用法	注意事项
that	无含义，不做成分	置于句首不可省略
if,whether	有含义，不做成分	置于句首只能whether whether...or/or not
who(ever),whom(ever) what(ever), which(ever) whose(ever)	有含义，作从句主干部分 （主宾表定）
when(ever),where(ever) why,how(ever)	有含义，不作从句主干部分

that

无含义，不作成分，不可省略

That the price of beef will go up is certain.

That his wife left him is pity

whether/if

有含义“是否”，不作成分

句首只用whether

whether...or/or not

Whether the project should be carried out is still a problem

Whether it will please them or not is not easy to say.

连接代词

有含义，作主干成分

who(ever),whom(ever)，what(ever), which(ever)，whose(ever)

Whoever comes to ours manager needs to inform in advance.

what he will do is unknown

连接副词

when(ever),where(ever),how(ever),why

When we should go to Lijiang on vacation remains to be discussed.

Whether/When/Where/How/Why he did it remains a mystery.

主谓一致

谓语单数（一般现在时）

Whether we will go for a picnic depends on the weather tomorrow.

表语从句

概念

表语从句：系v.(be/感官系动词/seem/appear) + 从句

找从句

划动词，括从句

（从引导词或空处开始，到第二个谓语动词；若无，则括至句末）

It looks ___ it is going to rain

That`s ___ he got angry with me.

 连接词

引导词	用法	注意事项
that	无含义，不做成分	不可省略
whether	有含义，不做成分	*不用if
who,whom,what,which whose	有含义，作从句主干部分 （主宾表定）	/
when,where,why,how	有含义，不作从句主干成分	/
as if,as though(好像)	有含义	/
because	有含义	/

句型

---

The reason/cause is/was that...(因)          "原因是...”

The reason why ...(果) is/was that...(因)   “...的原因是...”

That/It is because...(因)                            “那是因为..."

That`s why ... (果)                                     "那就是为什么“

---

判断

从句顺序

引导词:

引导词that不可省，无if，多as if/as though

连接代词作主干成分，连接副词不做主干成分

看句型

宾语从句

谓语v. (+间接宾语) + 从句 / 介词 + 从句

找从句

划动词，括从句

（从引导词或空处开始，到第二个谓语动词前；若无，则括至句末）

He tells me that he will go to Japan tomorrow.

I thinks ___ you were right.

She always thinks of ___ she can work well.

  从句的语序：陈述句（主+谓）

形式宾语

主 + make/find/think/consider/believe/feel + it + 形 + that

We have made it clear ___ our purpose is to learn knowledge.

We have made ___ our purpose is to learn knowledge clear.

We think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water.

They found it pleasant that they worked with us.

从句的时态

主现从不限

主过从也过

真理永一现

引导词

引导词	用法	注意事项
that	无含义，不做成分	可省略
if,whether	有含义，不做成分	不可省略 介词+whether whether...or/or not
who(ever),whom(ever) what(ever), which(ever) whose(ever)	有含义，作从句主干部分 （主宾表定）	/
when(ever),where(ever) why,how(ever)	有含义，不作从句主干部分	/

that

无含义，不作成分，可省略“/”

I know (that) he will study English next year.

The teacher told us (that) Tom had left us for America.

whether/if

(有含义，不作成分，不可省)

whether...or/or not

介词+whether

whether to do

He wants to know whether/if  his girlfiend will go back one day.

It depends on whether we can get his cooperation.

doubt 怀疑

在肯定句中，doubt和whether/if 连用

在否定句中，doubt和that连用

I doubt whether/if he can do the job well.

I don`t doubt (that) the plan will be well-considered.

Do you doubt (that) she can win the first prize?

Whether it will please them or not is not easy to say.

连接代词

有含义，作主干成分

who(ever),whom(ever)，what(ever), which(ever)，whose(ever)

 You don`t know what you are talking about

连接副词

when(ever),where(ever),how(ever),why

 I`d like to know when they will let him out.

判断

从句语序：陈述

从句时态：主限从不限，主过从也过，真理永一现

引导词（连接词）

引导词that可省，只用whether不用if的情况

连接代词作主干成分，连接副词不做主干成分

同位语从句

概念

同位语从句：名词 + 从句（解释说明名词的内容）

名词：news/information/message/fact 事实/concluson 结论/truth 真理/evidence 证据

           idea/though 思想/point 观点/problem/demand 需求/doubt 怀疑/advice/suggestion  建议       /hope

It is a fact that she has done her best.

The news ___ he will be our monitor is true.

区别

同位语从句：名词(一定能被解释内容常为抽象名词)+ 从句(解释说明名词的内容)

定语从句：名词/代词(不一定能被解释内容常为人名，地名，时间等)+ 从句(修饰限定但不解释内容)

分隔式定语从句：名词 ... 从句（解释说明名词的内容）

The thought came to her ___ maybe she had left the key at home.

 连接词

引导词	用法	注意事项
that	无含义，不做成分	不可省略
whether	有含义，不做成分	*不用if
who,whom,what,which whose	有含义，作从句主干部分 （主宾表定）	/
when,where,why,how	有含义，不作从句主干成分	/

 句型

---

 There is not doubt that ...           "毫无疑问..."

 There is an/no evidence that...  "...有/没有证据..."

  The fact that...                           "...事实..."

---

判断

从句语序

引导词that不可省，无if

连接代词作主干成分，连接副词不作主干成分

看句型