序列化流与反序列化流

序列化流与反序列化流

1.序列化流

• Java提供了一种对象序列化的机制。用一个字节序列可以表示一个对象，该字节序列包含该对象的数据、对象的类型和对象中存储的属性等信息。字节序列写出到文件之后，相当于文件中持久保存了一个对象的信息。

• 构造器

  public ObjectOutputStream(OutputStream out)：创建对象字节输出流，包装基础的字节流

• 方法

  public final void writeObject(Object o) throws IOException：把对象写出去

• 注意：对象如果要参与序列化，必须实现序列化接口（java.io.Serializable）,否则报错（NotSerializableException）

2.反序列化流

• 将字节序列从文件中读取回来，重构对象，对它进行反序列化。也就是将存储在文件中的Java对象，读入到内存中来

• 构造器

  public ObjectInputStream(InputStream is)：创建对象字节输入流，包装基础的字节输入流

• 方法

  public final Object readObject()：把存储在文件中的Java对象读出来

• 反序列化流读取到文件末尾会抛异常EOFException（结束标记），可以循环读取，捕获到异常则结束循坏

package com.demo14_IO流_对象序列化流.demo01;
import java.io.*;
public class Demo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("day10\\Demo14.txt"));
        oos.writeObject(new Student("玄德",30,"河北"));
        oos.writeObject(new Student("云长",29,"运城"));
        oos.writeObject(new Student("翼德",28,"河北"));
        oos.close();
        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("day10\\Demo14.txt"));
        while (true){
            try {
                System.out.println(ois.readObject());
            } catch (EOFException e) {
                //如果捕获到这个异常，证明读到文件末尾
                break;
            }
        }
        ois.close();
    }
}

class Student implements Serializable {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String address;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, int age, String address) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
}

3.如何一次序列化多个对象？

用一个ArrayList集合存储多个学生对象，直接对集合进行序列化即可，ArrayList集合已经实现了序列化接口

package com.demo14_IO流_对象序列化流.demo02;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
public class Demo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("day10\\Demo16.txt"));
        ArrayList<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(new Student("张三",18,"西安"));
        list.add(new Student("李四",19,"北京"));
        list.add(new Student("王五",29,"上海"));
        oos.writeObject(list);

        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("day10\\Demo16.txt"));
        ArrayList<Student> stus = (ArrayList<Student>) ois.readObject();
        for (Student s : stus) {
            System.out.println(s);
        }
    }
}
class Student implements Serializable {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private transient String address;
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 9527L;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, int age, String address) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", address='" + address + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) return true;
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;

        Student student = (Student) o;

        if (age != student.age) return false;
        if (name != null ? !name.equals(student.name) : student.name != null) return false;
        return address != null ? address.equals(student.address) : student.address == null;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        int result = name != null ? name.hashCode() : 0;
        result = 31 * result + age;
        result = 31 * result + (address != null ? address.hashCode() : 0);
        return result;
    }
}

（1）如果参与序列化对象类中没有提供序列号，系统生成一个默认的序列号，但是修改类后序列号会重新生成，导致反序列化报错（InvalidClassException）

解决办法：自己提供一个序列号（属性名不改变，值随便写）

private static final long serialVersionUID=9527L

（2）如果某属性不想参与序列化，可使用transient瞬态关键字修饰，被修饰的属性序列化时存入其默认初始化值；如果已经存入属性值，修饰后再次取出展示默认初始化值