学习Python的第23天-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_65470895/article/details/133688909

1.绑定方法

1.1定义

类中得方法类能来调用，对象也能来调用，就看该方法绑定给谁了，绑定给谁就有谁来调用

1.2 绑定给对象的方法

class Student():
    school = 'SH'

    def __init__(self, name, age, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.gender = gender

    """绑定给对象来调用的，"""
    def tell_info(self, username, password):
        print("name:%s age:%s gender:%s %s %s" % (self.name, self.age, self.gender, username, password))
    """默认情况下，在类内部写方法是绑定给对象的，就有对象来调用，就会自动来传递参数"""
stu = Student('ly', 20, 'male')

1.3如何调用方法

stu.tell_info('kevin', password=123) # stu.tell_info(stu) # name:ly age:20 gender:male

2.非绑定方法3.

class Student():
    def __init__(self, name, age, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.gender = gender
        self.id = self.create_id()

    @staticmethod
    def create_id():
        """当你在函数中不需要对象，也不需要类的时候，就把函数设置为静态方法，类能来调用，对象也能来调用，而且不用传递任何的参数"""
        import uuid
        return uuid.uuid4()
	
    def func(self):
        """如果你在方法中即需要对象，也需要类，就把方法绑定给对象"""
        # self.__class__ # 返回该对象的类
        # self.__class__.__name__ # Student # 类名字的字符串形式的
        # return self.__class__() # Student()

        
stu = Student('ly', 20, 'female')
print(stu.id)
print(stu.create_id())

"""只要生成的随机数长度固定，理论上就一定会出现重复的可能!!!"""
# import uuid
# print(uuid.uuid4()) # 191fd3ed-cdf0-40ad-8eb7-25cbdd82938a b49fbd62-f02f-4acd-a8e4-78cf196fd124

3.隐藏属性

3.1定义

1. 隐藏属性在类的定义阶段发生了变形：_类名__属性名

2. 隐藏属性在类的外部能不能取到? 理论上是取不到了，但是非要取，也能取到，在类的外部取隐藏之后的属性不是目的

3. 类属性、类方法、对象属性都可以被隐藏

4. 隐藏属性对外不对内

5. 就是可以对修改类内部的属性的时候，可以在类的内部做更好的限制，然后在类的内部开放一个公共的接口，对外返回内部隐藏的值

3.2代码演示

class Student():
    __school = 'SH' # _Student__school

    def __init__(self, name, age, gender):
        self.__name = name # _Student__name
        self.age = age
        self.gender = gender

    def __func(self): # _Student__func
        print('from func')

    def get_school(self):
        return self.__school

    def set_school(self, v):
        """隐藏属性对外不对内"""
        if type(v) is str:
            Student.__school = v # Student._Student__school = 'BJ'
        else:
            print('修改的数据必须是字符串')

stu = Student('ly', 20, 'male')
# print(stu._Student__school) # SH

# print(Student.__dict__)
# stu._Student__func()

# print(stu.__dict__) # {'_Student__name': 'ly', 'age': 20, 'gender': 'male'}
# print(stu._Student__name)


# Student.school = 123
# print(stu.school)

stu.set_school('BEIJING')
# print(Student._Student__school)

res=stu.get_school()
print(res)

4.property装饰器

4.1定义

它是一个内置的装饰器，它是把方法伪装成属性来使用

4.2代码演示

class Student():
    __school = 'SH'  # _Student__school
    __country = 'CHINA'
    def __init__(self, name, age, gender):
        self.__name = name  # _Student__name
        self.age = age
        self.gender = gender

    def __func(self):  # _Student__func
        print('from func')

    @property
    def school(self):
        return self.__school

    @school.setter
    def school(self, v):
        print('from school')
        """隐藏属性对外不对内"""
        if type(v) is str:
            Student.__school = v  # Student._Student__school = 'BJ'
        else:
            print('修改的数据必须是字符串')
    @school.deleter
    def school(self):
        print('delete school')
        del Student.__school

    @property
    def country(self):
        return self.__school

    @country.setter
    def country(self, v):
        print('from school')
        """隐藏属性对外不对内"""
        if type(v) is str:
            Student.__school = v  # Student._Student__school = 'BJ'
        else:
            print('修改的数据必须是字符串')

    @country.deleter
    def country(self):
        print('delete school')
        del Student.__school
	
    
    
    def get_country1(self):
        return self.__school

    def set_country(self, v):
        print('from school')
        """隐藏属性对外不对内"""
        if type(v) is str:
            Student.__school = v  # Student._Student__school = 'BJ'
        else:
            print('修改的数据必须是字符串')

    def del_country(self):
        print('delete school')
        del Student.__school
    """有顺序要求"""
    xxx = property(get_country1, set_country, del_country)  # 了解
    
stu = Student('ly', 20, 'male')

# print(stu.get_school())
# print(stu.school) # SH 把方法伪装成属性来使用

stu.school = 'BJ'
print(stu.school)
del stu.school


练习题：
# 计算人的bmi值
class People():
    def __init__(self, height, weight):
        self.height = height
        self.weight = weight

    @property
    def bmi(self):
        return self.weight / (self.height ** 2)

stu = People(1.8, 75)
print(stu.bmi)