【JavaSE】经典项目 图书管理系统

项目简介：

该项目为图书管理系统，实现用户的区分，包括管理员和普通用户，管理员的行为包括：添加图书，删除图书，查找图书，显示图书和退出程序等，普通用户的用法包括：查找图书，借阅图书，归还图书和退出程序。

思路简介：
利用类，对象，抽象类，接口，继承，封装和多态及组合等知识，将对象提取出来，对象----用户和书，用户可以分为管理员和普通用户，所以设置一个抽象类User,管理员和普通用户继承该抽象类，由于书还要包括书架，所以书和书架分两个类，为了实现对应的操作，并且是操作的方法一致，所以要构造一个操作的接口，其他的操作用类来实现该接口，就完成了对应的操作。具体实现方式见详细代码！

详细代码： 
  1、book包：

      1.1Book类：

package book;

public class Book {
    private String name;
    private String author;
    private int price;
    private String type;
    private boolean isBorrowed;
    //构造方法
    public Book(String name, String author, int price, String type) {
        this.name = name;
        this.author = author;
        this.price = price;
        this.type = type;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public int getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(int price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    public boolean isBorrowed() {
        return isBorrowed;
    }

    public void setBorrowed(boolean borrowed) {
        isBorrowed = borrowed;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", type='" + type + '\'' +
                ", isBorrowed=" + isBorrowed +
                '}';
    }
}

1.2BookList类：

package book;
public class BookList {
    public Book[] books = new Book[10];
    private int usedSize;
    //通过构造方法初始化三本书
    public BookList(){
        books[0] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",100,"小说");
        books[1] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩",200,"小说");
        books[2] = new Book("红楼梦","曹雪芹",300,"小说");
        this.usedSize = 3 ;
    }

    public int getUsedSize() {
        return usedSize;
    }

    public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {
        this.usedSize = usedSize;
    }
    //通过下标 获取书
    public Book getPos(int pos){
        return books[pos];
    }
    //存书的位置
    public void setBooks(Book book,int pos){
        books[pos]=book;
    }
}

2、operations包：

2.1  IOperation接口：

package operations;

import book.BookList;

public interface IOperation {
    void work(BookList bookList);
}

2.2AddOperation类：

package operations;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AddOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("添加图书！");
        System.out.println("请输入你要添加的图书的名字：");
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
        String name=scanner.nextLine();

        System.out.println("请输入你要添加的图书的作者：");
        String author=scanner.nextLine();

        System.out.println("请输入你要添加的图书的价格：");
        int price=scanner.nextInt();
        scanner.nextLine();//读取回车

        System.out.println("请输入你要添加的图书的类型：");
        String type=scanner.nextLine();
        //通过构造方法，实例化一本书
        Book book=new Book(name,author,price,type);

        //currentSize当前书架上书的数量
        int currentSize=bookList.getUsedSize();

        //把书放到下标为currentSize的位置处
        bookList.setBooks(book,currentSize);
        //书的数量加1
        bookList.setUsedSize(currentSize+1);

        System.out.println("添加成功！");
    }
}

2.3BorrowedOperation类：

package operations;

import book.Book;
import book.BookList;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class BorrowedOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("借阅图书!");
        System.out.println("请输入你要借阅的图书的名字：");
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
        String name=scanner.nextLine();

        int currentSize=bookList.getUsedSize();
        //历遍书架上的每一本书
        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book=bookList.getPos(i);
            if(name.equals(book.getName())){
                book.setBorrowed(true);//设置为借出状态
                System.out.println("借阅成功！");
                return;
            }
        }
    }
}

2.4DelOperation类：

package operations;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class DelOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {

        System.out.println("删除图书!");
        System.out.println("请输入你要删除的图书的名字：");
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
        String name=scanner.nextLine();

        int index=-1;//是否有书的标志
        //遍历数组，看是否有你要删除的图书的下标
        int currentSize=bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book=bookList.getPos(i);
            if(name.equals(book.getName())){
                index=i;
                break;
            }
        }

        //没有要删除的书
        if(index==-1){
            System.out.println("没有你要删除的这本书！");
            return;
        }
        //有这本书，后一项覆盖前一项
        for (int i = index; i <currentSize-1 ; i++) {
            //找到要删除的书的后一本
            Book book=bookList.getPos(i+1);
            //把这本书放到前一个位置上
            bookList.setBooks(book,i);
        }

        //把数组最后一项指向null
        bookList.setBooks(null,currentSize-1);
        //书架上书的数量 -1
        bookList.setUsedSize(currentSize-1);

        System.out.println("删除成功！");
    }
}

2.5DisplayOperation类：

package operations;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
public class DisplayOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("显示所有图书！");
        int currentSize=bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book=bookList.getPos(i);
            System.out.println(book);
        }
    }
}

2.6ExitOperation类：

package operations;
import book.BookList;
public class ExitOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {

        System.out.println("退出程序!");
        System.exit(0);//退出

    }
}

2.7ReturnOperation类：

package operations;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {

        System.out.println("归还图书!");
        System.out.println("请输入你要归还的图书的名字：");
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
        String name=scanner.nextLine();
        //历遍数组，找书
        int currentSize=bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book=bookList.getPos(i);
            if(name.equals(book.getName())){
                book.setBorrowed(false);//设置为：未被借出状态
                System.out.println("归还图书成功！");
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("没有你要归还的书！");
    }
}

2.8SearchOperation类：

package operations;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class SearchOperation implements IOperation{
    @Override
    public void work(BookList bookList) {
        System.out.println("查找图书！");
        System.out.println("请输入你要查找的图书的名字：");
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
        String name=scanner.nextLine();
        //找书
        int currentSize=bookList.getUsedSize();
        for (int i = 0; i < currentSize; i++) {
            Book book=bookList.getPos(i);
            if(name.equals(book.getName())){
                System.out.println("找到"+name+"了");
                System.out.println(book);
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("没有这本书！");
    }
}

3、user包：

3.1User类：

package user;
import book.BookList;
import operations.IOperation;

//抽象类
public abstract class User {
    protected String name;
    public User(String name){
        this.name=name;
    }
    //使用者都有选择菜单
    public abstract int menu();

    protected IOperation[] iOperations;//接口数组
    public void doOperation(int choice, BookList bookList){
        iOperations[choice].work(bookList);
    }
}

3.2AdminUser类：

package user;
import operations.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AdminUser extends User {
    public AdminUser(String name) {
        super(name);
        //接口数组
        this.iOperations=new IOperation[]{
                new ExitOperation(),
                new SearchOperation(),
                new AddOperation(),
                new DelOperation(),
                new DisplayOperation()
        };
    }
    public int menu(){
        System.out.println("*********************************");
        System.out.println( "hello !   "+name+"欢迎登入图书管理系统!");
        System.out.println("1.查找图书");
        System.out.println("2.新增图书");
        System.out.println("3.删除图书");
        System.out.println("4.显示图书");
        System.out.println("0.退出系统");
        System.out.println("*********************************");
        System.out.println("请输入你的操作：");
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
        int choice=scanner.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

3.3NormalUser类：

package user;
import operations.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class NormalUser extends User {
    public NormalUser(String name) {
        super(name);
        this.iOperations=new IOperation[]{
                new ExitOperation(),
                new SearchOperation(),
                new BorrowedOperation(),
                new ReturnOperation(),
                new DisplayOperation()
        };
    }
    public int menu(){
        System.out.println("*********************************");
        System.out.println( "hello !   "+name+"欢迎登入图书管理系统!");
        System.out.println("1.查找图书");
        System.out.println("2.借阅图书");
        System.out.println("3.归还图书");
        System.out.println("4.显示图书");
        System.out.println("0.退出系统");
        System.out.println("*********************************");

        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
        int choice=scanner.nextInt();
        return choice;
    }
}

4、Main--管理器：

import book.BookList;
import user.AdminUser;
import user.NormalUser;
import user.User;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {
    //登入
    public static User login(){
        System.out.println("请输入你的姓名：");
        Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
        String userName=scanner.nextLine();

        System.out.println("请输入你的身份：1-管理员，0-普通用户");
        int choice= scanner.nextInt();
        if(choice==1){
            return new AdminUser(userName);
        }else{
            return new NormalUser(userName);
        }

    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1、准备数据
        BookList bookList=new BookList();
        //2、登录，
        User user= login();//向上转型

        while(true){
            int choice =  user.menu();//多态，动态绑定
            user.doOperation(choice,bookList);
        }
    }
}

 5、测试