Docker容器化解决方案（镜像，容器的操作管理）

Docker镜像管理

搜索官方仓库镜像 docker search

[root@localhost ~]# docker search nginx
NAME                               DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL
nginx                              Official build of Nginx.                        19670     [OK]
unit                               Official build of NGINX Unit: Universal Web …   25        [OK]
nginx/nginx-ingress                NGINX and  NGINX Plus Ingress Controllers fo…   88        
nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged        Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles                  141       
nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter    NGINX Prometheus Exporter for NGINX and NGIN…   38        
nginxinc/nginx-s3-gateway          Authenticating and caching gateway based on …   6         
nginx/unit                         This repository is retired, use the Docker o…   64        
nginx/nginx-ingress-operator       NGINX Ingress Operator for NGINX and NGINX P…   2         
nginxinc/amplify-agent             NGINX Amplify Agent docker repository           1         
nginx/nginx-quic-qns               NGINX QUIC interop                              1         
nginxinc/ingress-demo              Ingress Demo                                    4         
nginxproxy/nginx-proxy             Automated nginx proxy for Docker containers …   132       
nginxproxy/acme-companion          Automated ACME SSL certificate generation fo…   130       
bitnami/nginx                      Bitnami nginx Docker Image                      183       
bitnami/nginx-ingress-controller   Bitnami Docker Image for NGINX Ingress Contr…   32        
ubuntu/nginx                       Nginx, a high-performance reverse proxy & we…   112       
nginxproxy/docker-gen              Generate files from docker container meta-da…   16        
nginxinc/nginmesh_proxy_debug                                                      0         
nginxinc/mra-fakes3                                                                0         
kasmweb/nginx                      An Nginx image based off nginx:alpine and in…   7         
nginxinc/nginmesh_proxy_init                                                       0         
rancher/nginx-ingress-controller                                                   12        
nginxinc/mra_python_base                                                           0         
nginxinc/ngx-rust-tool                                                             0  

获取镜像 docker pull

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
e1caac4eb9d2: Pull complete 
88f6f236f401: Pull complete 
c3ea3344e711: Pull complete 
cc1bb4345a3a: Pull complete 
da8fa4352481: Pull complete 
c7f80e9cdab2: Pull complete 
18a869624cb6: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:c26ae7472d624ba1fafd296e73cecc4f93f853088e6a9c13c0d52f6ca5865107
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
nginx        latest    e4720093a3c1   2 weeks ago    187MB
busybox      latest    3f57d9401f8d   6 weeks ago    4.26MB
ubuntu       18.04     f9a80a55f492   9 months ago   63.2MB

导出镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker export -o upbeat_elbakyan.tar upbeat_elbakyan
[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 64000
-rw-------. 1 root root      706 Mar  4 06:39 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-------. 1 root root 65531904 Mar  6 16:34 upbeat_elbakyan.tar

导入镜像

[root@localhost ~]# scp upbeat_elbakyan.tar 192.168.142.139:~
The authenticity of host '192.168.142.139 (192.168.142.139)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:/w/yin6romP9ngxASS3yY3F5ubuzTP0RUwZdhAAkm/8.
This key is not known by any other names
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes  
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.142.139' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.142.139's password: 
upbeat_elbakyan.tar                                                                                                                      100%   62MB 125.4MB/s   00:00    

[root@service ~]# docker import upbeat_elbakyan.tar  wyx/ububtu:v1.0
sha256:6c33b82dae2f6112672aa55282e04935333b6565fcb031d1e534563c8d21b220
[root@service ~]# ll
总用量 64000
-rw-------. 1 root root     1293  9月  7 16:34 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-------. 1 root root 65531904  3月  6 16:43 upbeat_elbakyan.tar

删除镜像

$ docker image ls
REPOSITORY   TAG               IMAGE ID       CREATED                  SIZE
tomcat       8-jdk8-corretto   6aa794aeaf2e   Less than a second ago   379MB
nginx        1.21              fa5269854a5e   12 days ago              142MB

$ docker image rmi tomcat:8-jdk8-corretto

查看镜像详细信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker image inspect nginx:latest
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:e4720093a3c1381245b53a5a51b417963b3c4472d3f47fc301930a4f3b17666a",
        "RepoTags": [
            "nginx:latest"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [
            "nginx@sha256:c26ae7472d624ba1fafd296e73cecc4f93f853088e6a9c13c0d52f6ca5865107"
        ],
        "Parent": "",
        "Comment": "buildkit.dockerfile.v0",
        "Created": "2024-02-14T18:24:57Z",
        "Container": "",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": null,
            "Cmd": null,
            "Image": "",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": null
        },
        "DockerVersion": "",
        "Author": "",
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "80/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "NGINX_VERSION=1.25.4",
                "NJS_VERSION=0.8.3",
                "PKG_RELEASE=1~bookworm"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "nginx",
                "-g",
                "daemon off;"
            ],
            "ArgsEscaped": true,
            "Image": "",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": [
                "/docker-entrypoint.sh"
            ],
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"
            },
            "StopSignal": "SIGQUIT"
        },
        "Architecture": "amd64",
        "Os": "linux",
        "Size": 186721003,
        "VirtualSize": 186721003,
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b72b7d6b6e7c27959d83b9742515f24056bd33d3bbed689e531e4a928be38bc0/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d76e67b7ab328a999b4b27a1e87b6dbdd713cdedab1a29055420e831748994e7/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d655afb7c623c56785935b5b991b091a29124cbba48db1a90f2bd4ec00a9b0a2/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/215485c9c16739b8dbdf42ae9a5bd5958278c125132105c7a6eb1b677bebc9b4/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e384eefe60a08be8edea94ed075e57e5c6a9848a3f41d1358fc30fd419de40b8/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3f926e4677932f685fb03c2f4d28ce29f9807bf0be8757636760673726ebe7f8/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/85d73a86bba17fff3f5a635d9d47f8457d2cb30e5e857c8ac91753c3e398fdba/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/85d73a86bba17fff3f5a635d9d47f8457d2cb30e5e857c8ac91753c3e398fdba/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/85d73a86bba17fff3f5a635d9d47f8457d2cb30e5e857c8ac91753c3e398fdba/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "RootFS": {
            "Type": "layers",
            "Layers": [
                "sha256:ceb365432eec83dafc777cac5ee87737b093095035c89dd2eae01970c57b1d15",
                "sha256:84619992a45bb790ab8f77ff523e52fc76dadfe17e205db6a111d0f657d31d71",
                "sha256:3137f8f0c6412c12b46fd397866589505b4474e53580b4e62133da67bf1b2903",
                "sha256:7d52a4114c3602761999a4ea2f84a093c8fcc8662876acc4c3b92878b9948547",
                "sha256:188d128a188cafb013db48e94d9366f0be64083619f50b452cfd093e7affa260",
                "sha256:bcc6856722b7b251ad00728c9cd93b679c7836d5e6780b52316b56c20fd5be94",
                "sha256:61a7fb4dabcd05eba747fed22ff5264f82066d2bf8e16f78198f616e700f5aa7"
            ]
        },
        "Metadata": {
            "LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        }
    }
]

容器的日常管理

容器的起/停

[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED             STATUS             PORTS     NAMES
70ef92bd8b03   ubuntu:18.04   "/bin/bash"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour             test
[root@localhost ~]#  docker container run -itd --name webserver -p 8080:80 nginx:latest
c1df05eda8cbe3ddfad22a48c5028f764740d10728982ed986f33146cbd36ab9
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS             PORTS                  NAMES
c1df05eda8cb   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   5 seconds ago       Up 4 seconds       0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   webserver
70ef92bd8b03   ubuntu:18.04   "/bin/bash"              About an hour ago   Up About an hour                          test
[root@localhost ~]# curl -I http://localhost:8080
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.25.4
Date: Wed, 06 Mar 2024 09:22:34 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 615
Last-Modified: Wed, 14 Feb 2024 16:03:00 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "65cce434-267"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

[root@localhost ~]# docker container stop webserver
webserver
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED             STATUS             PORTS     NAMES
70ef92bd8b03   ubuntu:18.04   "/bin/bash"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour             test
[root@localhost ~]# docker container rm webserver
webserver
[root@localhost ~]# curl -I http://localhost:8080
curl: (7) Failed to connect to localhost port 8080 after 0 ms: Connection refused

进入容器的方法

[root@localhost ~]# docker container run -itd --name webserver -p 8080:80 nginx:latest
b568030e0f32188f35c90a6cde6ac57d9d1c122d3cf82db8d76452546a631b0a
[root@localhost ~]# docker container exec -it webserver /bin/bash
root@b568030e0f32:/# 

容器与宿主机间传输文件

[root@localhost ~]# docker cp  upbeat_elbakyan.tar upbeat_elbakyan:/tmp
Successfully copied 65.5MB to upbeat_elbakyan:/tmp
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it upbeat_elbakyan /bin/bash
root@70ef92bd8b03:/# ls /tmp
upbeat_elbakyan.tar
root@70ef92bd8b03:/# exit
exit