基础数据库建表语句与查询

– 如果存在就删除名为hrs的数据库
drop database if exists hrs;
– 创建名为hrs的数据库并指定默认的字符集
create database hrs default charset utf8mb4;
– 切换到hrs数据库
use hrs;
– 创建部门表
create table tb_dept
(
dno int not null comment ‘编号’,
dname varchar(10) not null comment ‘名称’,
dloc varchar(20) not null comment ‘所在地’,
primary key (dno)
);
– 插入4个部门
insert into tb_dept values
(10, ‘会计部’, ‘北京’),
(20, ‘研发部’, ‘成都’),
(30, ‘销售部’, ‘重庆’),
(40, ‘运维部’, ‘深圳’);
– 创建员工表
create table tb_emp
(
eno int not null comment ‘员工编号’,
ename varchar(20) not null comment ‘员工姓名’,
job varchar(20) not null comment ‘员工职位’,
mgr int comment ‘主管编号’,
sal int not null comment ‘员工月薪’,
comm int comment ‘每月补贴’,
dno int not null comment ‘所在部门编号’,
primary key (eno),
constraint fk_emp_mgr foreign key (mgr) references tb_emp (eno),
constraint fk_emp_dno foreign key (dno) references tb_dept (dno)
);

– 插入14个员工
insert into tb_emp values
(7800, ‘张三丰’, ‘总裁’, null, 9000, 1200, 20),
(2056, ‘乔峰’, ‘分析师’, 7800, 5000, 1500, 20),
(3088, ‘李莫愁’, ‘设计师’, 2056, 3500, 800, 20),
(3211, ‘张无忌’, ‘程序员’, 2056, 3200, null, 20),
(3233, ‘丘处机’, ‘程序员’, 2056, 3400, null, 20),
(3251, ‘张翠山’, ‘程序员’, 2056, 4000, null, 20),
(5566, ‘宋远桥’, ‘会计师’, 7800, 4000, 1000, 10),
(5234, ‘郭靖’, ‘出纳’, 5566, 2000, null, 10),
(3344, ‘黄蓉’, ‘销售主管’, 7800, 3000, 800, 30),
(1359, ‘胡一刀’, ‘销售员’, 3344, 1800, 200, 30),
(4466, ‘苗人凤’, ‘销售员’, 3344, 2500, null, 30),
(3244, ‘欧阳锋’, ‘程序员’, 3088, 3200, null, 20),
(3577, ‘杨过’, ‘会计’, 5566, 2200, null, 10),
(3588, ‘朱九真’, ‘会计’, 5566, 2500, null, 10);

– 查询员工及其主管的姓名
select t1.ename as 员工姓名
, t2.ename as 主管姓名
from tb_emp as t1 left join tb_emp as t2
on t1.mgr = t2.eno;

– 查询月薪最高的员工姓名和月薪

– 方法一：排序（不推荐）
select ename
, sal
from tb_emp
order by sal desc
limit 1;

– 方法二：嵌套查询
select ename
, sal
from tb_emp
where sal = (select max(sal)
from tb_emp);

– 方法三：all运算符
select ename
, sal
from tb_emp
where sal >= all(select sal
from tb_emp);

– 方法四：计数法
select ename
, sal
from tb_emp as t1
where (select count(*)
from tb_emp as t2
where t2.sal > t1.sal) = 0;

– 方法五：存在性判断 - exists / not exists

– 将筛选条件设置为不存在有人比我工资更高
select ename
, sal
from tb_emp as t1
where not exists (select ‘x’
from tb_emp as t2
where t2.sal > t1.sal);

– 查询月薪前3名的员工的姓名和月薪
select ename
, sal
from tb_emp as t1
where (select count(*)
from tb_emp as t2
where t2.sal > t1.sal) < 3;

– 查询员工的姓名和年薪(年薪=(sal+comm)*13)
select ename
, (sal + coalesce(comm, 0)) * 13 as total
from tb_emp
order by total desc;

– 查询部门的编号和人数
select dno
, count(*)
from tb_emp
group by dno;

– 查询部门人数超过5个人的部门的编号和人数
select dno
, count()from tb_empgroup by dnohaving count() > 5;
– 查询所有部门的名称和人数
select dname
, coalesce(total, 0) as total
from tb_dept left join (select dno
, count(*) as total
from tb_emp
group by dno) as temp
on tb_dept.dno = temp.dno;
– 查询月薪超过平均月薪的员工的姓名和月薪
select ename
, sal
from tb_emp
where sal > (select avg(sal)
from tb_emp);

– 查询月薪超过其所在部门平均月薪的员工的姓名、部门编号和月薪
select ename
, dno
, sal
from tb_emp natural join (select dno
, avg(sal) as avg_sal
from tb_emp
group by dno) as temp
where sal > avg_sal;
– 查询部门中月薪最高的人姓名、月薪和所在部门名称
select ename
, sal
, dname
from tb_emp
natural join tb_dept
natural join (select dno
, max(sal) as max_sal
from tb_emp
group by dno) as temp
where sal = max_sal;

– 查询主管的姓名和职位
select ename
, job
from tb_emp
where eno in (select distinct mgr
from tb_emp
where mgr is not null);
select ename
, job
from tb_emp
where eno = any(select distinct mgr
from tb_emp
where mgr is not null);
select ename
, job
from tb_emp as t1
where exists (select ‘x’
from tb_emp as t2
where t1.eno = t2.mgr);
– 查询普通员工的姓名和职位
select ename
, job
from tb_emp as t1
where not exists (select ‘x’
from tb_emp as t2
where t1.eno = t2.mgr);
– 查询主管和普通员工的平均月薪
– 查询月薪排名4~6名的员工排名、姓名和月薪
– 查询每个部门月薪排前2名的员工姓名、月薪和部门编号