一.exec族函数的作用
我们用fork函数创建新进程后,经常会在新进程中调用exec函数去执行另外一个程序。当进程调用exec函数时,该进程被完全替换为新程序。因为调用exec函数并不创建新进程,所以前后进程的ID并没有改变。
exec函数族分别是:execl, execlp, execle, execv, execvp, execvpe
#include <unistd.h>
extern char **environ;
int execl(const char *path, const char *arg, ...);
int execlp(const char *file, const char *arg, ...);
int execle(const char *path, const char *arg,..., char * const envp[]);
int execv(const char *path, char *const argv[]);
int execvp(const char *file, char *const argv[]);
int execvpe(const char *file, char *const argv[],char *const envp[]);
二.execl函数
•编程示例 1
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
//函数原型:int execl(const char *path, const char *arg, ...);
int main(void)
{
printf("before execl\n");
if(execl("./echoarg","echoarg","abc",NULL) == -1)
{
printf("execl failed!\n");
perror("why");
}
printf("after execl\n");
return 0;
}
•编程示例 2
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(void)
{
printf("this pro get system date:\n");
if(execl("/bin/date","date",NULL,NULL) == -1)
{
printf("execl failed!\n");
perror("why");
}
printf("after execl\n");
return 0;
}
三. execlp()函数
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(void)
{
printf("this pro get system date:\n");
if(execlp("ps","ps",NULL,NULL) == -1)
{
printf("execl failed!\n");
perror("why");
}
printf("after execl\n");
return 0;
}
四.execvp()函数
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(void)
{
printf("this pro get system date:\n");
char *argv[] = {"ps","-l",NULL};
if(execvp("ps",argv) == -1)
{
printf("execl failed!\n");
perror("why");
}
printf("after execl\n");
return 0;
}
五.execv()函数
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(void)
{
printf("this pro get system date:\n");
char *argv[] = {"ps","-l",NULL};
if(execv("/bin/ps",argv) == -1)
{
printf("execl failed!\n");
perror("why");
}
printf("after execl\n");
return 0;
}