学习日记（Spring框架2_注解开发）

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-09 15:24:28 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-09 15:24:28 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_66691386/article/details/136910329

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本文详细介绍了如何在SpringBoot项目中使用Druid作为数据库连接池，配置MyBatis，并通过注解进行依赖注入。包括配置pom.xml、applicationContext.xml和jdbc.properties，以及使用@Repository、@Service、@Autowired等注解进行组件管理和数据注入。

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1.使用properties注入数据

1、配置pom.xml文件，导入必要的依赖。注意一个Spring容器里面只能有一个id为dataSource的连接池

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringDay2</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <name>SpringDay2</name>
    <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
    <url>http://www.example.com</url>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <!-- Spring的主要依赖，负责bean的管理 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 数据库连接池和SQL查询优化工具 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.16</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 连接MySQL的依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.34</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 数据池管理的一种依赖  -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.1.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Spring里面连接数据库的依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- MyBatis里面连接Spring的依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--MyBatis依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.5</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--JDBC API 进行了封装，降低 JDBC API 的使用难度-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--将 MyBatis 代码无缝地整合到 Spring 中。它将允许 MyBatis 参与到 Spring 的事务管理之中，创建映射器 mapper 和 SqlSession 并注入到 bean 中-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.0</version>
        </dependency>


    </dependencies>

</project>

2、写BookDao类

package org.example.dao;


public class BookDao {
    public String name;

    public BookDao() {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void save() {
        System.out.println("book dao save..." + name);
    }

}

3、配置applicationContext.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <context:property-placeholder location="jdbc.properties"/>
    <bean class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="bookdao" class="org.example.dao.BookDao">
        <property name="name" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

4、配置jdbc.properties文件

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=jia

5、编写一个测试类App，证明可以注入数据BookDao里面的name

package org.example;

import org.example.dao.BookDao;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        BookDao bookDao = ctx.getBean(BookDao.class);
        bookDao.save();
    }
}

6、测试运行结果

2.纯注解开发

1、了解以下注解：
   @component（@Repository，@service，@Controller）：在类命前面写入，表示这个类是一个组件，它允许将类实例化为Spring容器中的Bean，并纳入其管理。
   @Configuration：相当于告诉Spring这是一个配置类
   @ComponentScan("{1,2,3}")：相当于告诉这个配置类，那个包里面有需要的组件
2、设置一个配置类文件SpringConfig.java
    在类名之前加入@Configuration表示这是一个配置类文件
    再加入@ComponentScan("org.example")表示<bean>对象所在的位置
    ——至此就可以删除applicationContext.xml文件，或者给他改个后缀

package org.example.Config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"org.example.Config","org.example.dao","org.example.service"})
@PropertySource("jdbc.properties")
public class SpringConfig {
}

3、在变成<bean>的类（BookDao2和BookService）前面加上@component（@Repository，@service，@Controller）

package org.example.dao;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public class BookDao2 {
    public void save(){
        System.out.println("book dao save...");
    }
}

package org.example.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class BookService {
    public void save(){
        System.out.println("book service save...");
    }
}

4、重新创建一个测试类App2（注意要写main方法,又找了10分钟错！），注意区别和App里面的ctx

package org.example;

import org.example.Config.SpringConfig;
import org.example.dao.BookDao2;
import org.example.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class App2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
        BookDao2 bookDao2 = ctx.getBean(BookDao2.class);
        System.out.println(bookDao2);
        System.out.println("-------------------------------------------");
        BookService bookService = ctx.getBean(BookService.class);
        System.out.println(bookService);
    }
}

3.纯注解开发的依赖注入

1、了解一下
@Autowired：他会自动注入引用类型的属性，一般类命就是id
2、在BookService类里面写入@Autowired，默认按类型注入

package org.example.service;

import org.example.dao.BookDao2;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class BookService {
    @Autowired
    BookDao2 bookDao2;
    public void save(){
        System.out.println("book service save...");
        bookDao2.save();
    }
}

3、在BookDao类里面写入@Value("${jdbc.username}")注入简单类型引用

package org.example.dao;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public class BookDao {
    @Value("${jdbc.username}")
    public String name;

    public BookDao() {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void save() {
        System.out.println("book dao save..." + name);
    }

}

4、重新创建一个测试类App3

package org.example;

import org.example.Config.SpringConfig;
import org.example.dao.BookDao;
import org.example.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class App3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
        BookDao bookDao = ctx.getBean(BookDao.class);
        bookDao.save();
        BookService bookService = ctx.getBean(BookService.class);
        bookService.save();
    }
}

4.第三方Bean的开发管理、注入资源

1、了解一下
   @Import({1，2，3})：简单来说就是不能把所有的config文件都放在SpringConfig这个文件里面，那么就要将其他的Config文件使用这个注解引入（例如，@Import({jdbcConfig.class})就是引入jdbc的配置文件）
   @Bean：前面的注解都是用在类上面的，然后将当前类通过无参构造函数创建对象然后放入容器，而@Bean是用在方法上，将当前方法的返回值对象放到容器当中！
2、设置一个jdbcConfig.class的文件，并在SpringConfig文件里面使用@Import(jdbcConfig.class)导入进去，也可以使用@ComponentScan只要扫描到就可以

package org.example.Config;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import javax.sql.DataSource;

public class jdbcConfig {
    @Value("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver")
    private String driver;
    @Value("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1")
    private String url;
    @Value("root")
    private String usernm;
    @Value("jia")
    private String passwd;

    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource(){
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClassName(driver);
        dataSource.setUrl(url);
        dataSource.setUsername(usernm);
        dataSource.setPassword(passwd);
        return dataSource;
    }
}

package org.example.Config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"org.example.Config","org.example.dao","org.example.service"})
@Import({jdbcConfig.class,MyBatisConfig.class})
@PropertySource("jdbc.properties")
public class SpringConfig {
}

3、下面会具体的使用，所以这里没有编写测试用例

5.注解开发的总结

6.重头戏：Spring整合MyBaties

1、准备底层代码dao和service

package org.example.domain;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Account implements Serializable {

    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Double money;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Double getMoney() {
        return money;
    }

    public void setMoney(Double money) {
        this.money = money;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Account{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", money=" + money +
                '}';
    }
}

package org.example.dao;

import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Delete;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Insert;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Update;
import org.example.domain.Account;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.List;

@Repository
public interface AccountDao {

    @Insert("insert into tb_account(name,money)values(#{name},#{money})")
    void save(Account account);

    @Delete("delete from tb_account where id = #{id} ")
    void delete(Integer id);

    @Update("update tb_account set name = #{name} , money = #{money} where id = #{id} ")
    void update(Account account);

    @Select("select * from tb_account")
    List<Account> findAll();

    @Select("select * from tb_account where id = #{id} ")
    Account findById(Integer id);
}

package org.example.service;

import org.example.dao.AccountDao;
import org.example.domain.Account;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;
@Service
public class AccountService{

    @Autowired
    private AccountDao accountDao;

    public void save(Account account) {
        accountDao.save(account);
    }

    public void update(Account account){
        accountDao.update(account);
    }

    public void delete(Integer id) {
        accountDao.delete(id);
    }

    public Account findById(Integer id) {
        return accountDao.findById(id);
    }

    public List<Account> findAll() {
        return accountDao.findAll();
    }
}

2、导入Spring整合MyBaties的依赖

前面已经导入了pom.xml

3、创建jdbcConfig配置DataSource数据源（注意使用那个数据库）

package org.example.Config;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import javax.sql.DataSource;

public class jdbcConfig {
    @Value("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver")
    private String driver;
    @Value("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring_db")
    private String url;
    @Value("root")
    private String usernm;
    @Value("jia")
    private String passwd;

    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource(){
        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClassName(driver);
        dataSource.setUrl(url);
        dataSource.setUsername(usernm);
        dataSource.setPassword(passwd);
        return dataSource;
    }
}

4、创建MyBatiesConfig整合MyBaties

package org.example.Config;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
public class MyBatisConfig {
    //定义bean，SqlSessionFactoryBean，用于产生SqlSessionFactory对象
    @Bean
    public SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactory(DataSource dataSource){
        SqlSessionFactoryBean ssfb = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        ssfb.setTypeAliasesPackage("org.example.domain");
        ssfb.setDataSource(dataSource);
        return ssfb;
    }
    //定义bean，返回MapperScannerConfigurer对象
    @Bean
    public MapperScannerConfigurer mapperScannerConfigurer(){
        MapperScannerConfigurer msc = new MapperScannerConfigurer();
        msc.setBasePackage("org.example.dao");
        return msc;
    }
}

5、配置SpringConfig主配置类

前面已经完成

6、定义测试类

package org.example;

import org.example.Config.SpringConfig;
import org.example.domain.Account;
import org.example.service.AccountService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class app4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
        AccountService accountService = ctx.getBean(AccountService.class);
        Account ac = accountService.findById(1);
        System.out.println(ac);
    }
}

7、执行结果