对图书系统各个操作进行总结：
包含用户信息，操作方法，图书信息
用户信息：
管理员信息 普通用户信息
操作方法：
添加操作
删除操作
借阅操作
展示操作
退出操作
查询操作
归还操作
图书信息：
每本书的属性
书架
我们可以创建book包，operation包，user包。来分别存放图书相关，操作相关，以及用户相关的类，可以体现封装的思想，具体创建的如下：
详细代码
Book包
Book类
package book;
public class Book {
private String name;
private String auther;
private int price;
private String type;
private boolean isBrrowed;
public Book(String name, String auther, int price, String type) {
this.name = name;
this.auther = auther;
this.price = price;
this.type = type;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAuther() {
return auther;
}
public void setAuther(String auther) {
this.auther = auther;
}
public int getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(int price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public boolean isBrrowed() {
return isBrrowed;
}
public void setBrrowed(boolean brrowed) {
isBrrowed = brrowed;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", auther='" + auther + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", type='" + type + '\'' +
((isBrrowed==true)?"已借出":"未借出")+
//", isBrrowed=" + isBrrowed +
'}';
}
}
我们要注意书名，作者，类型，价格，是否借出均为private修饰的，需要给他们提供相应的get 和 set方法，以此来体现JAVA封装的特性。另外需要重写一下toString方法，便于我们后续显示图书。
Booklist类
package book;
public class BookList {
private Book[] books = new Book[10];
private int usedSize;//记录当前书架有几本书
public BookList() {
books[0] = new Book("三国演义","罗贯中",19,"小说");
books[1] = new Book("西游记","吴承恩",29,"小说");
books[2] = new Book("水浒传","施耐庵",8,"小说");
this.usedSize = 3;
}
public Book getBook(int pos) {
return books[pos];
}
public int getUsedSize() {
return usedSize;
}
public void setUsedSize(int usedSize) {
this.usedSize = usedSize;
}
public void setBooks(int pos,Book book) {
books[pos] = book;
}
}
我们可以通过创建相应的Book数组来当做为书架。同时定义UsedSize来显示当前书架中存放的书籍数量，并提供相应的get和set方法。
operation包
IOperation接口
package operation;
import book.BookList;
public interface IOperation {
void work(BookList bookList);
}
后续的各种操作类应该继承这个接口，因为我们在后续进行选择操作的时候，我们可以利用多态进行相应操作
AddOperation类
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AddOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("新增图书！");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入书的名字");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入书的作者");
String auther = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入书的类型");
String type = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入书的价格");
int price = scanner.nextInt();
Book book = new Book(name,auther,price,type);
int currentsize = bookList.getUsedSize();
bookList.setBooks(currentsize,book);
bookList.setUsedSize(currentsize+1);
System.out.println("新增成功");
}
}
BorrowOperation类
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class BorrowOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("借阅图书！");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("qingshuru要借的图书名字");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
int currentsize = bookList.getUsedSize();
for (int i = 0; i < currentsize; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
if (book.isBrrowed() == true) {
System.out.println("该书已经被借出");
}else {
book.setBrrowed(true);
}
return;
}
}
System.out.println("没有");
}
}
要注意的是验证这本书的状态，看是否已经借出。
DelOperation类
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class DelOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("删除图书！");
//1.找到是否存在
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入你要删除的图书");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
int currentsize = bookList.getUsedSize();
int delIndex = -1;
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < currentsize; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
System.out.println("找到这本书了，开始删除");
delIndex = i;
break;
}
}
if (i==currentsize) {
System.out.println("没有你删除的这本书");
return;
}
for (int j = delIndex; j < currentsize-1; j++) {
Book book = bookList.getBook(j+1);
bookList.setBooks(j,book);
}
bookList.setBooks(currentsize-1,null);
bookList.setUsedSize(currentsize-1);
System.out.println("删除成功");
}
}
ShowOperation类
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
public class ShowOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("打印所有图书！");
int currentsize = bookList.getUsedSize();
for (int i = 0; i < currentsize; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
System.out.println(book);
return;
}
}
}
ExitOperation类
package operation;
import book.BookList;
public class ExitOperation implements IOperation {
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("退出系统！");
System.exit(0);
}
}
FindOperation类
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FindOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("查找图书!");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入你要查找的图书");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
int currentsize = bookList.getUsedSize();
for (int i = 0; i < currentsize; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
System.out.println("找到这本书了");
System.out.println(book);
return;
}
}
//若走到这里
System.out.println("没有啊啊啊啊啊");
}
}
这里打印书籍详细信息的时候运用的仍然是多态。
ReturnOperation类
package operation;
import book.Book;
import book.BookList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ReturnOperation implements IOperation{
@Override
public void work(BookList bookList) {
System.out.println("归还图书！");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入你要归还的图书的名字：");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
int currentsize = bookList.getUsedSize();
for (int i = 0; i < currentsize; i++) {
Book book = bookList.getBook(i);
if (book.getName().equals(name)) {
book.setBrrowed(false);
return;
}
}
System.out.println("没有你要归还的图书！");
}
}
先验证书本是否存在，存在后，我们直接将其借出的状态改为false即可
user包
User类
package user;
import book.BookList;
import operation.IOperation;
public abstract class User {
protected String name;
public IOperation[] iOperations;//这里没有分配空间
public User(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public abstract int menu();
public void doOperation(int choice, BookList bookList) {
this.iOperations[choice].work(bookList);
}
}
AdminUser类
package user;
import operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AdminUser extends User{
public AdminUser(String name) {
super(name);
this.iOperations = new IOperation[] {
new ExitOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new AddOperation(),
new DelOperation(),
new ShowOperation()
};
}
public int menu() {
System.out.println("管理员菜单！");
System.out.println("***********************");
System.out.println("hello"+this.name+"热烈欢迎");
System.out.println("1.查找图书");
System.out.println("2.新增图书");
System.out.println("3.删除图书");
System.out.println("4.显示图书");
System.out.println("0.退出系统");
System.out.println("***********************");
System.out.println("请输入你的操作：");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
return choice;
}
}
重写menu方法，同时对operation数组进行初始化。
NormalUser类
package user;
import operation.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class NormalUser extends User{
public NormalUser(String name) {
super(name);
this.iOperations = new IOperation[] {
new ExitOperation(),
new FindOperation(),
new BorrowOperation(),
new ReturnOperation()
};
}
public int menu() {
System.out.println("用户菜单！");
System.out.println("***********************");
System.out.println("hello"+this.name+"热烈欢迎");
System.out.println("1.查找图书");
System.out.println("2.借阅图书");
System.out.println("3.归还图书");
System.out.println("0.退出系统");
System.out.println("***********************");
System.out.println("请输入你的操作：");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
return choice;
}
}
重写menu方法，初始化operation数组。
Main类
import book.BookList;
import user.AdminUser;
import user.NormalUser;
import user.User;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
public static User login() {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入你的姓名：");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入你的身份：1代表管理员，0代表普通用户-》");
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
if (choice == 1) {
return new AdminUser(name);
}else {
return new NormalUser(name);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
BookList bookList = new BookList();
//user最终指向哪个用户？
User user = login();
//这里调用谁的菜单？
int choice = user.menu();
//根据这个choice来调用指定的操作
user.doOperation(choice,bookList);
}
}
我们通过创建一个书架，同时写一个登录方法，当用户选择退出系统时候会直接终止。
这样一个简单的图书管理系统运用了java的大部分语法知识，值得道友们自我实现一下，真的受益颇多
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