rails form helper 的使用

单次使用的表单，rails使用非常方便，多次使用的内容需要绑定在controller文件中常用的表单如下

<%= form_tag do %>
  Form contents
<% end %>

执行会在浏览器控制台看到这样的内容

<form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/" method="post">
  <input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" />
  <input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="J7CBxfHalt49OSHp27hblqK20c9PgwJ108nDHX/8Cts=" />
  Form contents
</form>

<%= form_tag("/search", method: "get") do %>
  <%= label_tag(:q, "Search for:") %>
  <%= text_field_tag(:q) %>
  <%= submit_tag("Search") %>
<% end %>

多选框和单选框

这是多选框

<%= check_box_tag(:pet_dog) %>
<%= label_tag(:pet_dog, "I own a dog") %>
<%= check_box_tag(:pet_cat) %>
<%= label_tag(:pet_cat, "I own a cat") %>

 

这是单选框

<%= radio_button_tag(:age, "child") %>
<%= label_tag(:age_child, "I am younger than 21") %>
<%= radio_button_tag(:age, "adult") %>
<%= label_tag(:age_adult, "I'm over 21") %>

<%= text_area_tag(:message, "Hi, nice site", size: "24x6") %>
<%= password_field_tag(:password) %>
<%= hidden_field_tag(:parent_id, "5") %>
<%= search_field(:user, :name) %>
<%= telephone_field(:user, :phone) %>
<%= date_field(:user, :born_on) %>
<%= datetime_field(:user, :meeting_time) %>
<%= datetime_local_field(:user, :graduation_day) %>
<%= month_field(:user, :birthday_month) %>
<%= week_field(:user, :birthday_week) %>
<%= url_field(:user, :homepage) %>
<%= email_field(:user, :address) %>
<%= color_field(:user, :favorite_color) %>
<%= time_field(:task, :started_at) %>

 

 多次使用的内容可以把表单绑定模型对象，

app/controllers/articles_controller.rb:
def new
  @article = Article.new
end

view app/views/articles/new.html.erb
<%= form_for @article, url: {action: "create"}, html: {class: "nifty_form"} do |f| %>
  <%= f.text_field :title %>
  <%= f.text_area :body, size: "60x12" %>
  <%= f.submit "Create" %>
<% end %>

<%= form_for @person, url: {action: "create"} do |person_form| %>
  <%= person_form.text_field :name %>
  <%= fields_for @person.contact_detail do |contact_details_form| %>
    <%= contact_details_form.text_field :phone_number %>
  <% end %>
<% end %>

<form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/people/create" class="new_person" id="new_person" method="post">
  <input id="person_name" name="person[name]" type="text" />
  <input id="contact_detail_phone_number" name="contact_detail[phone_number]" type="text" />
</form>

<%= form_for @person, url: {action: "create"} do |person_form| %>
  <%= person_form.text_field :name %>
  <%= fields_for @person.contact_detail do |contact_details_form| %>
    <%= contact_details_form.text_field :phone_number %>
  <% end %>
<% end %>

<form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/people/create" class="new_person" id="new_person" method="post">
  <input id="person_name" name="person[name]" type="text" />
  <input id="contact_detail_phone_number" name="contact_detail[phone_number]" type="text" />
</form>

resources :articles

# Creating a new article
# long-style:
form_for(@article, url: articles_path)
# same thing, short-style (record identification gets used):
form_for(@article)
 
## Editing an existing article
# long-style:
form_for(@article, url: article_path(@article), html: {method: "patch"})
# short-style:
form_for(@article)

form_for [:admin, @article]

form_for [:admin, :management, @article]

form_tag(search_path, method: "patch")

<form accept-charset="UTF-8" action="/search" method="post">
  <input name="_method" type="hidden" value="patch" />
  <input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="&#x2713;" />
  <input name="authenticity_token" type="hidden" value="f755bb0ed134b76c432144748a6d4b7a7ddf2b71" />
  ...
</form>

<select name="city_id" id="city_id">
  <option value="1">Lisbon</option>
  <option value="2">Madrid</option>
  ...
  <option value="12">Berlin</option>
</select>

<%= select_tag(:city_id, '<option value="1">Lisbon</option>...') %>

<%= options_for_select([['Lisbon', 1], ['Madrid', 2], ...]) %>
 
output:
 
<option value="1">Lisbon</option>
<option value="2">Madrid</option>
...

<%= select_tag(:city_id, options_for_select(...)) %>

<%= options_for_select([['Lisbon', 1], ['Madrid', 2], ...], 2) %>
 
output:
 
<option value="1">Lisbon</option>
<option value="2" selected="selected">Madrid</option>
...

<%= options_for_select(
  [
    ['Lisbon', 1, { 'data-size' => '2.8 million' }],
    ['Madrid', 2, { 'data-size' => '3.2 million' }]
  ], 2
) %>
 
output:
 
<option value="1" data-size="2.8 million">Lisbon</option>
<option value="2" selected="selected" data-size="3.2 million">Madrid</option>
...

select 删除后缀，为了与其他表单保持一致

# controller:
@person = Person.new(city_id: 2)
# view:
<%= select(:person, :city_id, [['Lisbon', 1], ['Madrid', 2], ...]) %>

# select on a form builder
<%= f.select(:city_id, ...) %>

<%= f.select(:city_id) do %>
  <% [['Lisbon', 1], ['Madrid', 2]].each do |c| -%>
    <%= content_tag(:option, c.first, value: c.last) %>
  <% end %>
<% end %>

<% cities_array = City.all.map { |city| [city.name, city.id] } %>
<%= options_for_select(cities_array) %>

<%= options_from_collection_for_select(City.all, :id, :name) %>

<%= f.collection_select(:city_id, City.all, :id, :name) %>

<%= time_zone_select(:person, :time_zone) %>

<%= select_date Date.today, prefix: :start_date %>

<select id="start_date_year" name="start_date[year]"> ... </select>
<select id="start_date_month" name="start_date[month]"> ... </select>
<select id="start_date_day" name="start_date[day]"> ... </select>

<%= select_year(2009) %>
<%= select_year(Time.now) %>

<%= date_select :person, :birth_date %>

<select id="person_birth_date_1i" name="person[birth_date(1i)]"> ... </select>
<select id="person_birth_date_2i" name="person[birth_date(2i)]"> ... </select>
<select id="person_birth_date_3i" name="person[birth_date(3i)]"> ... </select>

{'person' => {'birth_date(1i)' => '2008', 'birth_date(2i)' => '11', 'birth_date(3i)' => '22'}}

<%= select_date Date.today, prefix: :start_date %>

<%= form_tag({action: :upload}, multipart: true) do %>
  <%= file_field_tag 'picture' %>
<% end %>
 
<%= form_for @person do |f| %>
  <%= f.file_field :picture %>
<% end %>

def upload
  uploaded_io = params[:person][:picture]
  File.open(Rails.root.join('public', 'uploads', uploaded_io.original_filename), 'wb') do |file|
    file.write(uploaded_io.read)
  end
end

<%= form_for @person do |f| %>
  <%= text_field_with_label f, :first_name %>
<% end %>