数据包流向分析
(1）客户端发送请求到Director Server(负载均衡器），请求的数据报文（源IP是CIP,目标IP 是VIP)到达内核空间。
(2)Director server 和 Real Server在同一个网络中，数据通过二层数据链路层来传输。
(3）内核空间判断数据包的目标IP是本机VIP，此时IPVS（IP虚拟服务器）比对数据包请求的服务是否是集群服务，是集群服务就重新封装数据包。修改源MAc地址为 Director Server的MAC地址，修改目标MAC地址为Real Server 的MAC地址，源IP 地址与目标IP地址没有改变，然后将数据包发送给Real server。
(4)到达Real Server的请求报文的NAc 地址是自身的wAc 地址，就接收此报文。数据包重新封装报文(源ⅠP地址为VIP，目标 IP 为CIP)，将响应报文通过lo 接口传送给物理网卡然后向外发出。
(5) Real server直接将l响应报文传送到客户端。
DR模式的特点
(1) Director server 和 Real Server必须在同一个物理网络中。
(2)Real Server 可以使用私有地址，也可以使用公网地址。如果使用公网地址，可以通过互联网对RIP进行直接访问。
(3) Director Server作为群集的访问入口，但不作为网关使用。
(4）所有的请求报文经由 Director Server，但回复响应报文不能经过 Director Server
(5) Real Server的网关不允许指向 Director Server IP，即Real Server发送的数据包不允许经过Director Server
(6) Real server 上的lo接口配置VIP的IP地址 。
LVR—DR中的ARP问题
IP地址冲突
在LVS-DR负载均衡集群中，负载均衡器与节点服务器都要配置相同的VIP地址，在局域网中具有相同的IP地址。在局域网中具有相同的地址，势必会造成各服务器ARP通信的紊乱
1.当ARP广播发送到LVS-DR集群时，因为负载均衡器和节点服务器都是连接到相同的网络上，它们都会接收到ARP广播
2.只有前端的负载均衡器器进行响应，其他节点服务器不应该响应ARP广播
解决办法
对节点服务器进行处理，使其不响应VIP的ARP请求
1.用虚接口lo:0承载VIP地址
2.设置内核参数arp_ ignore=1: 系统只响应目的IP为本地IP的ARP请求
设置完后节点服务器则不会去响应ARP广播，而调度器则仍然会响应ARP所以只能解析到调度器的MAC地址
路由根据ARP表项，会将新来的请求报文转发给RealServer，导致Director的VIP失效
1.RealServer返回报文（源IP是VIP）经路由器转发，重新封装报文时，需要先获取路由器的MAC地址
2.发送ARP请求时，Linux默认使用IP包的源IP地址（即VIP）作为ARP请求包中的源IP地址，而不使用发送接口的IP地址
3.路由器收到ARP请求后，将更新ARP表项，原有的VIP对应Director的MAC地址会被更新为VIP对应RealServer的MAC地址
4.路由器根据ARP表项，会将新来的请求报文转发给RealServer，导致Director的VIP失效
解决方法
对节点服务器进行处理
1.设置内核参数arp_announce=2
2.系统不使用IP包的源地址来设置ARP请求的源地址，而选择发送接口的IP地址
两个问题的设置方法
修改/etc/sysctl.conf文件
DR模式部署
NFS服务器192.168.100.10
web1服务器192.168.100.20
web2服务器192.168.100.30
调度服务器192.168.100.100
客户端192.168.100.40
VIP192.168.100.51
调度服务器192.168.100.100
关闭防火墙与selinux并下载ipvsadm
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# yum install ipvsadm -y
添加虚拟IP地址
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-ens33:0
vim ifcfg-ens33:0
重启网卡
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifdown ifcfg-ens33:0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ifup ifcfg-ens33:0
调整proc响应参数
刷新配置
[root@localhost network-scripts]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.ens33.send_redirects = 0
加载模块
[root@localhost network-scripts]# modprobe ip_vs
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat /proc/net/ip_vs
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
配置负载分配策略，启动服务
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ipvsadm-save >/etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl start ipvsadm.service清空ipvsadm
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ipvsadm -C添加策略
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.100.51:80 -s rr
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.100.51:80 -r 192.168.100.20:80 -g
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.100.51:80 -r 192.168.100.230:80 -g
保存设置
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ipvsadm #加载策略
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP localhost.localdomain:http rr
-> 192.168.100.20:http Route 1 0 0
-> 192.168.100.230:http Route 1 0 0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ipvsadm -ln #查看策略
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.100.51:80 rr
-> 192.168.100.20:80 Route 1 0 0
-> 192.168.100.230:80 Route 1 0 0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ipvsadm-save >/etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm #保存策略192.168.100.10NFS服务器
关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0yum install nfs-utils rpcbind -y #下载NFS
cd /opt/
mkdir nfs
cd nfs
mkdir aa bb #创建新目录
ls
aa bb
echo "this is aa" >aa/index.html # 创建站点文件
echo "this is bb" >bb/index.html
chmod 777 * #给权限
[root@localhost nfs]# ll
总用量 0
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 24 6月 11 16:15 aa
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 24 6月 11 16:15 bb设置共享策略
[root@localhost nfs]# vim /etc/exports
/opt/nfs/aa 192.168.100.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash)
/opt/nfs/bb 192.168.100.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash)
开启服务发布共享
[root@localhost nfs]# systemctl start rpcbind
[root@localhost nfs]# systemctl start nfs
[root@localhost nfs]# showmount -e
Export list for localhost.localdomain:
/opt/nfs/bb 192.168.100.0/24
/opt/nfs/aa 192.168.100.0/24
192.168.100.20web1服务器
关闭防火墙并查看NFS192.168.100.10的共享目录列表
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.100.10
Export list for 192.168.100.10:
/opt/nfs/bb 192.168.100.0/24
/opt/nfs/aa 192.168.100.0/24
安装apache服务
yum install httpd -y将NFS主机共享目录挂载在web主机的主页下
[root@localhost ~]# mount 192.168.100.10:/opt/nfs/aa /var/www/html/
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 20G 3.6G 17G 18% /
devtmpfs 897M 0 897M 0% /dev
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 912M 9.1M 903M 1% /run
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 5.0G 179M 4.9G 4% /boot
tmpfs 183M 28K 183M 1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /mnt/cdrom
192.168.100.10:/opt/nfs/aa 20G 14G 6.8G 67% /var/www/html
重新服务并查询IP地址
systemctl restart httpd.service
配置网关
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-lo ifcfg-lo:0 #添加回环网卡
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-lo:0 #去修改网卡配置
重启网卡
[root@localhost ~]#systemctl restart network
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.100.20 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255
inet6 fe80::66e9:7ab8:3c84:e6c9 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:9b:21:9a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 3540 bytes 332262 (324.4 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 1385 bytes 211268 (206.3 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 1040 bytes 89922 (87.8 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 1040 bytes 89922 (87.8 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo:0: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 192.168.100.51 netmask 255.0.0.0
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
设置路由
[root@localhost ~]# route add -host 192.168.52.188 dev lo:0
[root@localhost ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.100.40 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.52.188 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 lo
192.168.100.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
开机执行命令
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
/usr/sbin/route add -host 192.168.100.51 dev lo:0
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local #给权限调整proc响应参数
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
[root@localhost network-scripts]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2192.168.100.30web2服务器
关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.100.10
Export list for 192.168.100.10:
/opt/nfs/bb 192.168.100.0/24
/opt/nfs/aa 192.168.100.0/24
安装apache服务
[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd -y挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mount 192.168.100.10:/opt/nfs/bb /var/www/html/
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 20G 3.6G 17G 18% /
devtmpfs 897M 0 897M 0% /dev
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 912M 9.1M 903M 1% /run
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 5.0G 179M 4.9G 4% /boot
tmpfs 183M 24K 183M 1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /mnt/cdrom
192.168.100.10:/opt/nfs/bb 20G 14G 6.8G 67% /var/www/html
重启服务并查询IP地址
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service
网关配置
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-lo ifcfg-lo:0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-lo:0
DEVICE=lo:0
IPADDR=192.168.100.51
NETMASK=255.0.0.0
重新网卡，查看一下
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
设置路由
[root@localhost ~]# route add -host 192.168.100.51 dev lo:0
[root@localhost ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.100.40 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.100.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.100.51 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 lo
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
开机执行命令
给文件权限
[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local调整proc响应参数
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
[root@localhost network-scripts]# sysctl -p #重新加载
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
测试
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