QNetworkAccessManager、QNetworkRequest、QNetworkReply类使用http协议详情及案例

一、QNetworkAccessManager、QNetworkRequest、QNetworkReply类介绍

QNetworkAccessManager：是Qt网络模块中的一个类，它用于管理网络请求和响应。可以发送HTTP请求，处理HTTP响应。可以使用不同类型的请求：get，post，put等。

QNetworkRequest：用于设置url，发送请求。

QNetworkReply：用于接受响应。

每当挂起的网络应答完成时，就会发出QNetworkAccessManager::finished()信号。可在此信号对应的槽函数中处理接收到的响应数据，参数将包含一个指向刚刚完成的回复的reply指针。此信号与QNetworkReply::finished()信号同时发出。

注意：不要删除连接到此信号的插槽中的应答对象，要使用deleteLater()。

二、http请求流程

使用QNetworkAccessManager发送HTTP请求的基本流程如下：

创建QNetworkAccessManager对象

创建QNetworkRequest对象，设置请求URL和请求头

使用QNetworkAccessManager的get()、post()、put()等函数发送请求

处理QNetworkReply对象以获取响应数据

三 、使用案例（使用QEventLoop阻塞）

HttpRequest.cpp

HttpResquest::HttpResquest(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent)
{
    m_pNetManager = new QNetworkAccessManager(this);
}

void HttpResquest::setUrl(const QString &strUrl)
{
    m_pNetRequest.setUrl(QUrl(strUrl));
}

void HttpResquest::setHeader(const QNetworkRequest::KnownHeaders &knownHeader, const QVariant &value)
{
    m_pNetRequest.setHeader(knownHeader,value);
}

void HttpResquest::setRawHeader(const QByteArray &headerName, const QByteArray &headerValue)
{
    m_pNetRequest.setRawHeader(headerName,headerValue);
}

bool HttpResquest::post(const QByteArray &byteArray)
{
    m_pNetReply = m_pNetManager->post(m_pNetRequest,byteArray);
    connect(m_pNetManager,&QNetworkAccessManager::finished,this,&HttpResquest::slotReceiveJsonObj);
    QTimer timer;
    timer.setSingleShot(true);
    QEventLoop eventLoop;
    connect(m_pNetReply, &QNetworkReply::finished, &eventLoop, &QEventLoop::quit);
    connect(m_pNetReply, &QNetworkReply::finished, m_pNetReply, &QNetworkReply::deleteLater);
    connect(&timer,SIGNAL(timeout()),&eventLoop,SLOT(quit()));

    timer.start(10000);

    eventLoop.exec(QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents);

              disconnect(m_pNetManager,&QNetworkAccessManager::finished,this,&HttpResquest::slotReceiveJsonObj);
    disconnect(m_pNetReply,&QNetworkReply::finished,&eventLoop,&QEventLoop::quit);
    disconnect(m_pNetReply, &QNetworkReply::finished, m_pNetReply, &QNetworkReply::deleteLater);
    disconnect(&timer,&QTimer::timeout,&eventLoop,&QEventLoop::quit);

    if (timer.isActive())
    {
        timer.stop();
        return true;
    }
    else
    {
        m_pNetReply->abort();
        qDebug()<<"请求超时";
        return false;
    }
}

bool HttpResquest::get()
{
    m_pNetReply = m_pNetManager->get(m_pNetRequest);
    connect(m_pNetManager,&QNetworkAccessManager::finished,this,&HttpResquest::slotReceiveJsonObj);
    QTimer timer;
    timer.setSingleShot(true);
    QEventLoop eventLoop;
    connect(m_pNetReply, &QNetworkReply::finished, &eventLoop, &QEventLoop::quit);
    connect(m_pNetReply, &QNetworkReply::finished, m_pNetReply, &QNetworkReply::deleteLater);
    connect(&timer,SIGNAL(timeout()),&eventLoop,SLOT(quit()));

    timer.start(20000);

    eventLoop.exec(QEventLoop::ExcludeUserInputEvents);

    disconnect(m_pNetManager,&QNetworkAccessManager::finished,this,&HttpResquest::slotReceiveJsonObj);
    disconnect(m_pNetReply,&QNetworkReply::finished,&eventLoop,&QEventLoop::quit);
    disconnect(m_pNetReply, &QNetworkReply::finished, m_pNetReply, &QNetworkReply::deleteLater);
    disconnect(&timer,&QTimer::timeout,&eventLoop,&QEventLoop::quit);

    if (timer.isActive())
    {
        timer.stop();
        return true;
    }
    else
    {
        m_pNetReply->abort();
        qDebug()<<"请求超时";
        return false;
    }
}

void HttpResquest::slotReceiveJsonObj()
{
    if(m_pNetReply->error() != QNetworkReply::NoError)
    {
        qDebug()<<"请求失败！"<<m_pNetReply->error();
        emit signalReceiveJsonObj(false,QJsonObject());
        return;
    }

    //检查状态码
    //int statusCode = m_pNetReply->attribute(QNetworkRequest::HttpStatusCodeAttribute).toInt();

    // 获取返回内容
    QByteArray res = m_pNetReply->readAll();
    //qDebug()<< QString::fromStdString(res.toStdString());

    QJsonDocument document = QJsonDocument::fromJson(res);
    if(document.isObject())
    {
        QJsonObject jsonObj = document.object();
        emit signalReceiveJsonObj(true,jsonObj);
        return;
    }

    emit signalReceiveJsonObj(false,QJsonObject());
}

post请求：

    HttpResquest *httpResquest = new HttpResquest(this);
    httpResquest->setHeader(QNetworkRequest::ContentTypeHeader, QVariant("application/json"));
    httpResquest->setUrl("http://ip:port/api/test1");
    QJsonObject dataObj;
    dataObj.insert("time",QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss"));
    dataObj.insert("name","张三");
    dataObj.insert("age",25);

    QJsonDocument doc(dataObj);
    connect(httpResquest,&HttpResquest::signalReceiveJsonObj,this,[=](const bool &result,const QJsonObject &jsonObj){
        if(!result)
        {
            qDebug()<<"--请求失败";
            return;
        }
        //根据定义的接口
        int code = jsonObj.value("code").toInt();
        if(code != 0)
        {
            qDebug()<<"失败";
            return;
        }
        qDebug()<<"成功";
    });
    bool flag = httpResquest->post(doc.toJson());
    if(!flag)
    {
        qDebug()<<"--请求超时!";
    }

    delete httpResquest;
    httpResquest = NULL;

get请求：

    HttpResquest *httpResquest = new HttpResquest(this);
    QString url = "http://ip:port/api/test3";
    url += "?";
    url += QString("name=%1").arg(ui->lineEdit->text());
    url += QString("&pwd=%1").arg(ui->lineEdit_2->text());
    httpResquest->setUrl(url);
    httpResquest->setHeader(QNetworkRequest::ContentTypeHeader, QVariant("application/x-www-form-urlencoded"));
    connect(httpResquest,&HttpResquest::signalReceiveJsonObj,this,[=](const bool &result,const QJsonObject &jsonObj){
        if(!result)
        {
            qDebug()<<"--请求失败";
            return;
        }
        int code = jsonObj.value("code").toInt();
        if(code != 0)
        {
            qDebug()<<"失败";
            return;
        }
        qDebug()<<"成功";
    });
    bool flag = httpResquest->get();
    if(!flag)
    {
        qDebug()<<"--请求超时!";
    }
    delete httpResquest;
    httpResquest = NULL;