Springfox与SpringDoc——swagger如何选择(SpringDoc入门)

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本文分享自天翼云开发者社区@《Springfox与SpringDoc——swagger如何选择(SpringDoc入门)》,作者: 才开始学技术的小白

链接:

https://www.ctyun.cn/developer/article/381687816880197?track=|cp:cz_bk|tgdy:wenzhang|ttjh:bokeshequ|key:bw308|pf:PC

0.引言

之前写过一篇关于swagger(实际上是springfox)的使用指南(https://www.ctyun.cn/developer/article/371704742199365),涵盖了本人在开发与学习的时候碰到的各种大坑。但由于springfox已经不更新了,很多项目都在往springdoc迁移

笔者也是花了一些时间试了一下这个号称“把springfox按在地下摩擦”的springdoc究竟好不好使,本文就来简单介绍下springdoc的使用以及优劣势

1.引入maven依赖

这里有个大坑一定要注意!!!

如果你跟我一样,现在使用的是springfox,但是想往springdoc迁移,结果试了一下发现还是springfox好用/懒得改那么多注解,还是想换回springfox,一定要把springdoc的maven依赖删掉!!!不然springboot会默认你用的是springdoc,导致swagger界面出不来

<dependency>

            <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>

            <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-ui</artifactId>

            <version>1.6.11</version>

 </dependency>

2.springdoc配置类

实际上springdoc的配置非常简单,使用的是OpenAPI类与GroupedOpenApi来配置

/**

 * SpringDoc API文档相关配置

 * Created by macro on 2023/02/02.

 */@Configurationpublic class SpringDocConfig {

    @Bean

    public OpenAPI mallTinyOpenAPI() {

        return new OpenAPI()

                .info(new Info().title("CTYUN API")

                        .description("SpringDoc API 演示")

                        .version("v1.0.0")

                        .license(new License().name("Apache 2.0").url("https://github.com/")))

                .externalDocs(new ExternalDocumentation()

                        .description("SpringBoot项目")

                        .url("http://www.ctyun.com"));

    }

    @Bean

    public GroupedOpenApi adminApi() {

        return GroupedOpenApi.builder()

                .group("admin")

                .pathsToMatch("/**")

                .build();

    }

    //可以创建不同的GroupedOpenApi来判断不同的controller

    @Bean

    public GroupedOpenApi userApi() {

        return GroupedOpenApi.builder()

                .group("user")

                .pathsToMatch("/user/**")

                .build();

    }}

3.启动

默认配置之后直接进入:http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui/index.html 即可

注意这里与springfox略有不同(http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui.html)

 

4.与SpringFox的注解对照

 

5.SpringDoc基本注解用法

这里转载一个写的非常全面的示例接口,原文可以去看:https://blog.csdn.net/zhenghongcs/article/details/123812583

/**

 * 品牌管理Controller

 * Created by macro on 2019/4/19.

 */@Tag(name = "PmsBrandController", description = "商品品牌管理")@Controller@RequestMapping("/brand")public class PmsBrandController {

    @Autowired

    private PmsBrandService brandService;

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PmsBrandController.class);

    @Operation(summary = "获取所有品牌列表",description = "需要登录后访问")

    @RequestMapping(value = "listAll", method = RequestMethod.GET)

    @ResponseBody

    public CommonResult<List<PmsBrand>> getBrandList() {

        return CommonResult.success(brandService.listAllBrand());

    }

    @Operation(summary = "添加品牌")

    @RequestMapping(value = "/create", method = RequestMethod.POST)

    @ResponseBody

    @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")

    public CommonResult createBrand(@RequestBody PmsBrand pmsBrand) {

        CommonResult commonResult;

        int count = brandService.createBrand(pmsBrand);

        if (count == 1) {

            commonResult = CommonResult.success(pmsBrand);

            LOGGER.debug("createBrand success:{}", pmsBrand);

        } else {

            commonResult = CommonResult.failed("操作失败");

            LOGGER.debug("createBrand failed:{}", pmsBrand);

        }

        return commonResult;

    }

    @Operation(summary = "更新指定id品牌信息")

    @RequestMapping(value = "/update/{id}", method = RequestMethod.POST)

    @ResponseBody

    @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")

    public CommonResult updateBrand(@PathVariable("id") Long id, @RequestBody PmsBrand pmsBrandDto, BindingResult result) {

        CommonResult commonResult;

        int count = brandService.updateBrand(id, pmsBrandDto);

        if (count == 1) {

            commonResult = CommonResult.success(pmsBrandDto);

            LOGGER.debug("updateBrand success:{}", pmsBrandDto);

        } else {

            commonResult = CommonResult.failed("操作失败");

            LOGGER.debug("updateBrand failed:{}", pmsBrandDto);

        }

        return commonResult;

    }

    @Operation(summary = "删除指定id的品牌")

    @RequestMapping(value = "/delete/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)

    @ResponseBody

    @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")

    public CommonResult deleteBrand(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {

        int count = brandService.deleteBrand(id);

        if (count == 1) {

            LOGGER.debug("deleteBrand success :id={}", id);

            return CommonResult.success(null);

        } else {

            LOGGER.debug("deleteBrand failed :id={}", id);

            return CommonResult.failed("操作失败");

        }

    }

    @Operation(summary = "分页查询品牌列表")

    @RequestMapping(value = "/list", method = RequestMethod.GET)

    @ResponseBody

    @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")

    public CommonResult<CommonPage<PmsBrand>> listBrand(@RequestParam(value = "pageNum", defaultValue = "1")

                                                        @Parameter(description = "页码") Integer pageNum,

                                                        @RequestParam(value = "pageSize", defaultValue = "3")

                                                        @Parameter(description = "每页数量") Integer pageSize) {

        List<PmsBrand> brandList = brandService.listBrand(pageNum, pageSize);

        return CommonResult.success(CommonPage.restPage(brandList));

    }

    @Operation(summary = "获取指定id的品牌详情")

    @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)

    @ResponseBody

    @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")

    public CommonResult<PmsBrand> brand(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {

        return CommonResult.success(brandService.getBrand(id));

    }}

6.与SpringSecurity的结合

如果项目中使用了SpringSecurity,需要做两个配置来让springdoc正常使用:

1.在SpringSecurity配置类中放行白名单:"/v3/api-docs/**", "/swagger-ui/**"

2.在SpringDoc配置中增加对应内容,如下:

@Configurationpublic class SpringDocConfig {

    private static final String SECURITY_SCHEME_NAME = "BearerAuth";

    @Bean

    public OpenAPI managerOpenAPI() {

        return new OpenAPI()

                .info(new Info().title("Galaxy-Cluster-Manager后端接口文档")

                        .description("提供给前端界面(portal)的接口文档")

                        .version("v1.0.0")

                        .license(new License().name("galaxy 1.2.0").url("https://gitlab.ctyun.cn/hpc/galaxy-parent/-/tree/v1.2.0")))

                .externalDocs(new ExternalDocumentation()

                        .description("弹性高性能计算(CTHPC)")

                        .url("http://www.ctyun.cn"))

                //以下是针对SpringSecurity的设置,同时还有设置白名单

                .addSecurityItem(new SecurityRequirement().addList(SECURITY_SCHEME_NAME))

                .components(new Components()

                        .addSecuritySchemes(SECURITY_SCHEME_NAME,

                                new SecurityScheme()

                                        .name(SECURITY_SCHEME_NAME)

                                        .type(SecurityScheme.Type.HTTP)

                                        .scheme("bearer")

                                        .bearerFormat("JWT")));

    }

    @Bean

    public GroupedOpenApi publicApi() {

        return GroupedOpenApi.builder()

                .group("portal")

                .pathsToMatch("/api/**")

                .build();

    }

}

7.SpringDoc使用对象作为Query参数的问题

实际上springfox也会有这个问题,使用对象作为query传参的时候,页面通常是这样的:

 

就没有办法逐个描述参数,也不能逐个调试(只能用json调试),非常的麻烦;springdoc有一个解决这个问题非常方便的注解:@ParameterObject

比如某一个控制器的入参是User user,我们只需要在这前面加上注解变为:@ParameterObject User user 即可,结果如下;

 

这里也有一个大坑:参数的类型可能会不正确,比如这里我们的id参数实际上是int,但显示出来是string,这个时候就需要我们在User类的属性中加上对应的注解,比如:

@Parameter(description = "id传参",example = "6")

再重启UI就会发现参数类型正确了

8.SpringDoc配置扫包范围

有的时候仅仅使用@Hidden并不能满足我们的需要,因为可能需要配置不同group的controller类,这个时候就需要在配置类中取设置扫包范围代码如下:

 

9.SpringDoc的优劣势

优势:SpringDoc有着非常好看的UI,以及比Springfox更加完善的参数注解体系,看起来非常舒服,并且还在不断更新与维护中

劣势:一些冷门功能还不完善,比如:

a.有十个接口,他们的url是一样的但是可以通过query参数来分别(如:@PostMapping(params = "action=QueryUsers"))这个时候springdoc只能通过扫包范围配置,来写多个GroupOpenApi来解决,非常的麻烦;springfox可以在docket创建的时候使用:docket.enableUrlTemplating(true); 这个方法即可解决

b.springdoc的网络配置可能会与springfox冲突,如果迁移,需要逐个尝试网络配置是否合适(主要是GsonHttpMessageConverter的配置)

c.兼容性问题仍需要观望,相对于springfox,springdoc的兼容性并没有那么好,在许多时候可能会出现序列化的乱码问题

 

总结:如果当前项目/工程已经集成了完备的springfox,建议不要轻易尝试迁移到springdoc,尤其是接口类型比较复杂、springfox配置docket比较多的项目;但如果是从头开始的项目,由于接口相对比较简单,可以采用springdoc,毕竟可以获得更加清晰明了的显示界面与参数解释。

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