CentOS部署MySQL 5.7（详细）

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_67403272/article/details/123616024

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本文详细介绍了如何在Linux系统中卸载已有的MySQL数据库，然后下载并安装MySQL5.7，包括创建用户和数据库目录，初始化数据库，配置MySQL服务，设置开机启动，以及修改用户密码和授权远程访问。过程中涉及的命令行操作和注意事项均有详尽说明。

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MySQL5.7安装步骤

查看该操作系统上是否已经安装了mysql数据库
```
rpm -qa | grep mysql
```
如果已存在，进行删除( yum remove )

[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql]# service mysql status
mysql: unrecognized service
[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql]# yum remove mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
…
Removed:
mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.71-1.el6

Dependency Removed:
cloud-init.x86_64 0:0.7.5-10.el6.centos.2 cronie.x86_64 0:1.4.4-12.el6
cronie-anacron.x86_64 0:1.4.4-12.el6 crontabs.noarch 0:1.10-33.el6
postfix.x86_64 2:2.6.6-2.2.el6_1 redhat-lsb-core.x86_64 0:4.0-7.el6.centos
sysstat.x86_64 0:9.0.4-22.el6

Complete!
[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql]#
没有则根据以下步骤安装

1、在/usr/local目录下新建文件夹mysql
2、将下载好的linux mysql安装包上传服务器

下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads

3、解压文件

[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql]# tar -vxzf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
配置MySQL
1、建立mysql用户（mysql）和用户组（mysql），并创建数据库

[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql]# groupadd mysql
[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

-r：表示mysql用户是一个系统用户

2、创建数据库目录

[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql]# mkdir -p /var/mysql/data
[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/mysql

3、初始化数据库（注意目录层级）

[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 --datadir=/var/mysql/data

注意：初始化完成后，最后一行会生成一个临时登录密码，记下来。

[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 --datadir=/var/mysql/data
2020-02-09T03:54:51.849852Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-02-09T03:54:52.849221Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-02-09T03:54:53.009538Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-02-09T03:54:53.093615Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ed876cce-4aef-11ea-ab5f-fa163e79b50a.
2020-02-09T03:54:53.096645Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table ‘mysql.gtid_executed’ cannot be opened.
2020-02-09T03:54:53.097556Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: (k9.fR_%rh3=
[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]#

注：如果初始化报错：

[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# /bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 --datadir=/var/mysql/data
-bash: /bin/mysqld: No such file or directory

说明缺少安装包libaio和libaio-devel.执行以下命令进行安装

[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# yum install -y libaio*

如果报错：bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1

[root@VM-0-15-centos mysql-5.7.32-el7-x86_64]# yum -y install numactl

3.1 把mysql加入搜索路径

[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# vi /etc/profile
[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# source /etc/profile
```
export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
export PATH=${MYSQL_HOME}/bin:$PATH
```
刷新配置文件

[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# source /etc/profile

注：如果报错：cannot execute binary file

[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]#
bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql –
basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
–datadir=/var/mysql/data -bash: bin/mysqld: cannot execute binary file

检查系统位数：

[root@instance-38r7isl1 /]# getconf LONG_BIT
32

与所安装软件位数不符，更换对应版本

4、配置MySQL
修改mysql配置文件my.cnf

[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# whereis my.cnf
my: /etc/my.cnf

默认配置文件如下：

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]#

修改配置文件：

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/mysql/data
socket=/var/mysql/data/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
interactive_timeout=3000
wait_timeout=3000
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
[mysqld_safe]
# log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
# pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysql.log
pid-file=/var/mysql/data/mysql.pid
[client]
socket=/var/mysql/data/mysql.sock

创建日志目录：

[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# cd /var/log
[root@instance-38r7isl1 log]# mkdir mysql
[root@instance-38r7isl1 log]# chown -R mysql:mysql ./mysql/

配置系统启动后自动启动mysqld

[root@instance-38r7isl1 log]# cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@instance-38r7isl1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

修改/etc/init.d/mysqld

basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
datadir=/var/mysql/data

设定开机启动，并启动

chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
service mysqld start

执行结果并查看

[root@instance-38r7isl1 data]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to ‘/var/log/mysql/mysql.log’.
[ OK ]
[root@instance-38r7isl1 data]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root 4324 1 0 12:25 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/mysql/data --pid-file=/var/mysql/data/instance-38r7isl1.pid
mysql 4538 4324 2 12:25 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 --datadir=/var/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysql/mysql.log --pid-file=/var/mysql/data/instance-38r7isl1.pid --socket=/var/mysql/data/mysql.sock
root 4988 1836 0 12:26 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysql
[root@instance-38r7isl1 data]#

密码修改和授权远程访问等

[root@instance-38r7isl1 data]# mysql -umysql -p
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘mysql’@‘localhost’ (using password: YES)
[root@instance-38r7isl1 data]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.22
Copyright 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;’ or ‘h’ for help. Type ‘c’ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> ALTER USER ‘root’@‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘root’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456’;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>

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