0624~springcloud --＜feign＞--＜hystrix＞--＜zuul＞

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_67574688/article/details/125453080

Feign:负载均衡器--优雅的解决了客户端用户集群和参数拼接的问题;

Hystrix:熔断器--设置熔断,启动托底数据,防止雪崩问题(一个节点出错,引起整个系统出错);

zuul:网关--用于接口过滤,校验,熔断,可以混淆请求,微服务所有的请求都要向zuul网关发送;

Feign底层默认集成了ribbon和hystrix功能极为强大

微服务集成feign步骤:

1.导入依赖;

2.启动类加注解；(value="这里用来填加了@FeignClient的注解的全路径")

3.编写FeignClient的接口;

4.接口编写完后直接注入controller 调用方法即可;

1.导入依赖;

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.启动类加注解；(value="这里用来填加了@FeignClient的注解的全路径")

@EnableFeignClients(value = "cn.itsource.FeignPay")

3.编写FeignClient的接口;

//@FeignClient(value = "user-server",fallback = FeignFallBackPay.class)
@FeignClient(value = "user-server",fallbackFactory = FeignFactoryFallBack.class)
public interface FeignPay {

    @GetMapping("/user/getUserById/{id}")
    public User getUserById(@PathVariable("id")Long id);

}

4.接口编写完后直接注入controller 调用方法即可;

@RequestMapping("/pay")
@RestController
public class PayContrpller {

    @Autowired
    private FeignPay feignPay;

    @GetMapping("/getUserById/{id}")
    public User getUserById(@PathVariable("id")Long id){
        User user = feignPay.getUserById(id);
        return user;
    }
}

集成Feign所需要用到的注解 :

1.@EnableFeignClients(value = "cn.itsource.FeignPay")//用在启动类上value="这里用来填加了@FeignClient的注解的全路径"
2.
@FeignClient(value = "user-server",fallbackFactory = FeignFactoryFallBack.class)
用在用了feignclient的接口上,接口和目标方法保持一致；

3.
@EnableCircuitBreaker//开启熔断支持
feign集成了hystrix,启用注解开启熔断支持;

feign：设置托底数据有两种方法: 第二种方法:可以打印错误信息到控制台

第一种方法:

@Component
public class FeignFallBackPay implements FeignPay{

    @Override
    public User getUserById(Long id) {
        return new User(id,"这个是feign里面的托底数据",null);
    }
}

第二种方法:

@Component
public class FeignFactoryFallBack implements FallbackFactory<FeignPay> {
    @Override
    public FeignPay create(Throwable throwable) {
        throwable.printStackTrace();//打印错误信息
        return new FeignPay() {
            @Override
            public User getUserById(Long id) {
                return new User(id,"这是Fegin里面的托底数据",null);
            }
        };
    }
}

Hystrix:熔断器工作原理:（重点）

hystrix：在ribbon环境中使用步骤:

1.导入依赖:

2.启动类添加注解:

3.目标方法上加注解注解里的参数值和托底数据保持一致;

4.设置托底方法:

1.导入依赖:

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.启动类添加注解:

@EnableCircuitBreaker//开启熔断支持

3.目标方法上加注解注解里的参数值和托底数据保持一致;

@GetMapping("/getUserById/{id}")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallbackMethod")
public User getUserById(@PathVariable("id")Long id){
    String url = "http://user-server/user/getUserById/"+id;
    ResponseEntity<User> forEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, User.class);
    return forEntity.getBody();
}

4.设置托底方法:

public User fallbackMethod(@PathVariable("id")Long id){
    return new User(1l,"这个是ribbon里的托底数据",null);
}

hystrix所需要用的注解

1.@EnableCircuitBreaker//开启熔断支持

2.@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "fallbackMethod")

zuul可以动态的进行路由分发;本质是一个webServlet应用(过滤器)；

在微服务架构里,所有的请求都要打入微服务,登录校验会很麻烦,所以zuul出现了,完美优雅的解决了这些问题；

在微服务中集成zuul;

1.导入依赖

2.配置yml(重要)

3.启动类加注解

1.导入依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.配置yml(重要)

zuul:
  prefix: "/servers"  #统一访问前缀
  ignoredServices: "*"  #禁用掉使用浏览器通过服务名的方式访问服务
  routes:
    pay-server: "/pay/**"   #指定pay-server这个服务使用 /pay路径来访问  - 别名
    order-server: "/order/**"   #指定order-server这个服务使用 /order路径来访问

3.启动类加注解

@EnableZuulProxy

用zuul设置简单的登录校验

1.实现zuulFilter

2.交给spring管理

@Component
public class LoginFilter extends ZuulFilter {

    @Override        //设置过滤器类型
    public String filterType() {
        return FilterConstants.PRE_TYPE;
    }

    @Override   //设置过滤器排序
    public int filterOrder() {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean shouldFilter() {
        //1.获取request请求
        //2.判断是否需要过滤
        //3.不用直接返回false 反之则返回true
        //1.获取request请求
        RequestContext currentContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        HttpServletRequest request = currentContext.getRequest();
        //2.判断是否需要过滤
        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
        //3.看是否需要过滤
        if(requestURI.contains("/login")){
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    @Override  //shouldFilter返回值为true才执行run方法
    public Object run() throws ZuulException {
        //1.从请求头中获取token
        RequestContext currentContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        HttpServletRequest request = currentContext.getRequest();
        HttpServletResponse response = currentContext.getResponse();
        //2.根据token判断是否登录过
        String token = request.getHeader("token");
        //3.没有token则返回错误信息
        if(!StringUtils.hasLength(token)){
            response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
            try {
                PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
                writer.write("没有token,请您登录!");
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }//结束方法
            currentContext.setSendZuulResponse(false);
        }
        //4.有token则放行
        return null;
    }
}

问题:如果用户通过访问zuul来访问微服务地址,中间微服务接口出错了，则会直接返回错误信息给用户,此时则需要给zuul设置熔断;

1.实现fallbackProvider接口

2.交给spring管理

@Component
public class FallBackOrder implements FallbackProvider {
    @Override
    public String getRoute() {
        return "*";
    }

    @Override
    public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse(String route, Throwable cause) {

        return new ClientHttpResponse(){

            @Override
            public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
                HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
                headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
                return headers;
            }

            @Override
            public ByteArrayInputStream getBody() throws IOException {
                return new ByteArrayInputStream("暂无可用服务,请稍后再试!!!".getBytes());
            }

            @Override
            public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {
                return HttpStatus.OK;
            }

            @Override
            public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {
                return 200;
            }

            @Override
            public String getStatusText() throws IOException {
                return "ok";
            }

            @Override
            public void close() {

            }
        };
    }
}