0718~分布式事务

什么是事务:事务是指做一件事,要么全部都成功,要么全部都失败;

事务(ACID)的四大特性:

原子性:进行操作时,要么全部都操作成功,要么全部都操作失败,不存在操作一半的情况;

一致性:一致性是指操作数据的一致性,操作成功或者失败后,数据的总数不变;

隔离性(重点)隔离有四种隔离级别:1.读未提交--存在脏读问题;

                                                      2.读已提交--存在不可重复读问题;

                                                      3.可重复读--存在幻读问题(MySql默认级别,默认已解决幻读问题)                                          4.串行化--没有问题,但是效率低下;

持久性:数据操作完成后,保存在磁盘中,此时无论网络连接失败或者关机,都不会影响存在磁盘中的数据;

什么是脏读--数据在进行查询时,查询到其他未提交的数据,若其他未提交的数据操作失败,进行了回滚,此时该数据就不存在了,读到了不存在的数据--就是脏读;

如下图:

 什么是不可重复读;比如用户在读取数据的时候,先读取到的数据为id=1,在进行读取时,此时id=10,被其他人修改了,读到了别人已提交的数据,导致了前后读的数据不一致了;

如下图:

什么是幻读;如果在刚开始读取的数据,id=1,过了几分钟之后,再去查寻,此时多了一个数据age=26;此时就出现了幻读的情况;

如下图:

 串行化,效果是最好的,但是效率是最低的;

MySql默认的隔离级别是可重复读,底层解决了幻读的问题,用了mvcc(多版本并发控制)机制,实现了读写不冲突;每次读的时候但会有一个单独的副本,解决了幻读的问题;

MySql中的innodb是如何保证数据的原子性的?

nodoLog,进行对旧数据的备份,数据进行操作时,会把旧数据备份一份,若数据进行操作时发生的错误,则把数据进行回滚,此时就可以用到旧数据了;

MySql中的innodn是如何保证数据的持久性的?

redolog,进行对新数据的备份,数据在完成操作后,会把新数据备份一份,若事务在进行操作时出现异常了,导致服务宕机了,此时就可以用到备份的新数据,系统可以根据redolog的内容,恢复到之前的数据;

在项目中集成SeaTa,分布式事务@GlobalTransactional

原理图;

 SeaTa分为三部分;

事务协调器(TC):类似于Eurkea,事务管理器注册进来,会给一个XID返回,

事务管理器(TM):简单理解为前端发送的请求的地方为事务管理器;通过XID传输给资源管理器;

资源管理器(RM): 微服务调用的服务,为资源管理器;

事务管理器使用步骤:

1.导入依赖;

2.配置yml;

3.启动类排除数据源;

4.数据源代理类;

5.两个配置文件(写在Resources下面):file和registry;

5.注释MyBatisPlus中的事务管理器;

6.方法上加注解@GlobalTransactional;

1.导入依赖;

 <!--seata相关依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
                    <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
            <artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.0</version>
        </dependency>

 2.配置yml;

spring:
  #seata相关配置
  cloud:
    alibaba:
      seata:
        tx-service-group: fsp_tx_group #这里和file.conf中事务组名一样

 3.启动类排除数据源;

@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients(value = "cn.itsource.feignauth")
public class hrm_system_server_1040App {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        SpringApplication.run(hrm_system_server_1040App.class, args);
    }

}

4.数据源代理类;

/**
 * 数据源代理
 */
@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfiguration {

    //mapper.xml路径
    @Value("${mybatis-plus.mapper-locations}")
    private String mapperLocations;

    //手动配置bean
    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource")
    public DataSource druidDataSource(){
        return new DruidDataSource();
    }

    @Bean
    public DataSourceProxy dataSource() {
        return new DataSourceProxy(druidDataSource());
    }

    @Bean
    public MybatisSqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean(DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy) throws Exception {
        //处理MybatisPlus
        MybatisSqlSessionFactoryBean factory = new MybatisSqlSessionFactoryBean();
        factory.setDataSource(dataSourceProxy);
        factory.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources(mapperLocations));
        //事务管理工厂
        factory.setTransactionFactory(new SpringManagedTransactionFactory());
        
        org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration configuration = factory.getObject().getConfiguration();
        configuration.setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(true);//开启驼峰大小写自动转换
        factory.setConfiguration(configuration);
        return factory;
    }
}

 5.两个配置文件(写在Resources下面):file和registry;

file.config

transport {
  # tcp udt unix-domain-socket
  type = "TCP"
  #NIO NATIVE
  server = "NIO"

  #enable heartbeat
  heartbeat = true
  # the client batch send request enable
  enableClientBatchSendRequest = true
  #thread factory for netty
  threadFactory {
    bossThreadPrefix = "NettyBoss"
    workerThreadPrefix = "NettyServerNIOWorker"
    serverExecutorThread-prefix = "NettyServerBizHandler"
    shareBossWorker = false
    clientSelectorThreadPrefix = "NettyClientSelector"
    clientSelectorThreadSize = 1
    clientWorkerThreadPrefix = "NettyClientWorkerThread"
    # netty boss thread size,will not be used for UDT
    bossThreadSize = 1
    #auto default pin or 8
    workerThreadSize = "default"
  }
  shutdown {
    # when destroy server, wait seconds
    wait = 3
  }
  serialization = "seata"
  compressor = "none"
}
service {
  #transaction service group mapping
  vgroupMapping.fsp_tx_group = "default"
  #only support when registry.type=file, please don't set multiple addresses
  default.grouplist = "127.0.0.1:8091"
  #degrade, current not support
  enableDegrade = false
  #disable seata
  disableGlobalTransaction = false
}

client {
  rm {
    asyncCommitBufferLimit = 10000
    lock {
      retryInterval = 10
      retryTimes = 30
      retryPolicyBranchRollbackOnConflict = true
    }
    reportRetryCount = 5
    tableMetaCheckEnable = false
    reportSuccessEnable = false
  }
  tm {
    commitRetryCount = 5
    rollbackRetryCount = 5
  }
  undo {
    dataValidation = true
    logSerialization = "jackson"
    logTable = "undo_log"
  }
  log {
    exceptionRate = 100
  }
}

 registry.config：

registry {
  # file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa
  type = "file"

  nacos {
    serverAddr = "localhost"
    namespace = ""
    cluster = "default"
  }
  eureka {
    serviceUrl = "http://localhost:8761/eureka"
    application = "default"
    weight = "1"
  }
  redis {
    serverAddr = "localhost:6379"
    db = "0"
    password = ""
    cluster = "default"
    timeout = "0"
  }
  zk {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
    session.timeout = 6000
    connect.timeout = 2000
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
  consul {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
  }
  etcd3 {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
  }
  sofa {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:9603"
    application = "default"
    region = "DEFAULT_ZONE"
    datacenter = "DefaultDataCenter"
    cluster = "default"
    group = "SEATA_GROUP"
    addressWaitTime = "3000"
  }
  file {
    name = "file.conf"
  }
}

config {
  # file、nacos 、apollo、zk、consul、etcd3、springCloudConfig
  type = "file"

  nacos {
    serverAddr = "localhost"
    namespace = ""
    group = "SEATA_GROUP"
  }
  consul {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
  }
  apollo {
    app.id = "seata-server"
    apollo.meta = "http://192.168.1.204:8801"
    namespace = "application"
  }
  zk {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
    session.timeout = 6000
    connect.timeout = 2000
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
  etcd3 {
    serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
  }
  file {
    name = "file.conf"
  }
}

 5.注释MyBatisPlus中的事务管理器;

@Configuration
@MapperScan("cn.itsource.mapper") //mapper接口扫描
//@EnableTransactionManagement  //事务管理  因为集成了分布式事务,所以此事务管理需要注释
public class MybatisPlusConfig {

    /**
     * 分页插件
     */
    @Bean
    public PaginationInterceptor paginationInterceptor() {
        return new PaginationInterceptor();
    }

}

 6.方法上加注解@GlobalTransactional;

  @GlobalTransactional//开启seata全局事务
    public JSONResult register(RegisterDto dto) {

 此时事务管理器就集成完毕了,此时资源管理器和事务管理器一样的,但是不用加方法上加注解@GlobalTransactional;

Seata服务和redis一样都是要启动的,注意用管理员身份启动;