numpy库笔记

一.ndarray类常用的属性

#我用的是jupyter编程，将就看一下

import numpy as np
a=np.random.rand(3,4)#生成3行4列的随机数组

a.reshape(4,3)#修改a为4行3列
a#reshape()函数生成的是副本，并不改变原来的数值
array([[0.26401397, 0.22373202, 0.72993032, 0.26171766],
       [0.08845209, 0.12810653, 0.86542698, 0.97002748],
       [0.62402121, 0.53904784, 0.28690109, 0.94442918]])

b=np.random.rand(3,4)
b
array([[0.80172083, 0.68243476, 0.11902582, 0.53307906],
       [0.00145425, 0.77447853, 0.35976433, 0.4373543 ],
       [0.89692553, 0.8856081 , 0.79983922, 0.70499406]])

r=b.resize(2,6)
r#resize()函数不能进行赋值给变量，不然运行不出来
b.resize(2,6)#作用与reshape相同，重新设置形状

b#强调一点，resize()并不建立副本而是直接操作元数组
array([[0.80172083, 0.68243476, 0.11902582, 0.53307906, 0.00145425,
        0.77447853],
       [0.35976433, 0.4373543 , 0.89692553, 0.8856081 , 0.79983922,
        0.70499406]])

d=b.flatten()#将数组都降到一维数组，展平数组，建立副本
d
array([0.80172083, 0.68243476, 0.11902582, 0.53307906, 0.00145425,
       0.77447853, 0.35976433, 0.4373543 , 0.89692553, 0.8856081 ,
       0.79983922, 0.70499406])

b
array([[0.80172083, 0.68243476, 0.11902582, 0.53307906, 0.00145425,
        0.77447853],
       [0.35976433, 0.4373543 , 0.89692553, 0.8856081 , 0.79983922,
        0.70499406]])

b.flatten()
array([0.80172083, 0.68243476, 0.11902582, 0.53307906, 0.00145425,
       0.77447853, 0.35976433, 0.4373543 , 0.89692553, 0.8856081 ,
       0.79983922, 0.70499406])

b#建立副本
array([[0.80172083, 0.68243476, 0.11902582, 0.53307906, 0.00145425,
        0.77447853],
       [0.35976433, 0.4373543 , 0.89692553, 0.8856081 , 0.79983922,
        0.70499406]])

b.ravel()#和flatten()函数一样都是降维，它返回的是一个视图
array([0.80172083, 0.68243476, 0.11902582, 0.53307906, 0.00145425,
       0.77447853, 0.35976433, 0.4373543 , 0.89692553, 0.8856081 ,
       0.79983922, 0.70499406])

b
array([[0.80172083, 0.68243476, 0.11902582, 0.53307906, 0.00145425,
        0.77447853],
       [0.35976433, 0.4373543 , 0.89692553, 0.8856081 , 0.79983922,
        0.70499406]])

c=b.reshape(2,3,2)#c为2块3行2列的三维数组，有几个方括号就是几维，比如这里[[[三维]]]
c
array([[[0.80172083, 0.68243476],
        [0.11902582, 0.53307906],
        [0.00145425, 0.77447853]],

       [[0.35976433, 0.4373543 ]