cobbler部署与示例

1. cobbler介绍

Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等。

Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。

Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。

Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet，暂时不支持SaltStack。

Cobbler官方使用手册

cobbler集成的服务

• PXE服务支持
• DHCP服务管理
• DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
• 电源管理
• Kickstart服务支持
• YUM仓库管理
• TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
• Apache(提供kickstart的安装源，并提供定制化的kickstart配置)

cobbler配置文件详解
cobbler配置文件目录在/etc/cobbler

配置文件	作用
/etc/cobbler/settings	cobbler 主配置文件
/etc/cobbler/iso/	iso模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/pxe	pxe模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/power	电源配置文件
/etc/cobbler/user.conf	web服务授权配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digest	web访问的用户名密码配置文件
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template	dhcp服务器的的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template	dns服务器的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template	tftp服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf	模块的配置文件

cobbler数据目录

目录	作用
/var/lib/cobbler/config/	用于存放distros，system，profiles等信息配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/	用于存放用户定义的cobbler命令
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstart/	默认存放kickstart文件
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/	存放各种引导程序以及镜像目录
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/	导入的发行版系统的所有数据
/var/www/cobbler/images/	导入发行版的kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/	yum仓库存储目录

cobbler日志文件

日志文件路径	说明
/var/log/cobbler/installing	客户端安装日志
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log	cobbler日志

cobbler命令详解

cobbler check       //核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list        //列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report      //列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync        //同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync    //同步yum仓库
cobbler distro      //查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system      //查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile     //查看配置信息

2. CentOS7 cobbler服务端部署与装机流程

2.1 CentOS7服务端部署

环境说明：
centos7系统，20G硬盘，4G内存

#关闭防火墙
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@cobbler ~]# setenforce 0
[root@cobbler ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config 
#系统重启
[root@cobbler ~]# reboot

#安装基础软件,epel源
[root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install dnf vim tree epel-release

#安装cobbler以及相关的软件
[root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install httpd dhcp tftp xinetd pykickstart cobbler cobbler-web python-ctypes
[root@cobbler ~]# yum list all|grep cobbler
cobbler.x86_64                           2.8.5-6.el7                   @epel    
cobbler-web.noarch                       2.8.5-6.el7                   @epel

#启动服务并设置开机自启
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl  enable --now httpd.service 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl  enable --now cobblerd.service 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl  enable --now rsyncd.service 
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.

       
#修改cobbler的配置文件，设置ip，密码加密（需提前生成），开启管理dhcp
[root@cobbler ~]#  openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" '123456'
$1$13003$X2YFLae3fUQ0Tw0Y3MKHf0 //此密码会添加到下面的配置文件
[root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings

next_server: 192.168.177.141     //此处需改成cobbler服务器的IP，即本机IP
# of the manpage for how that works.
server: 192.168.177.141  //此处需改成cobbler服务器的IP，即本机IP

# set to 1 to enable Cobbler's DHCP management features.
# the choice of DHCP management engine is in /etc/cobbler/modules.conf
manage_dhcp: 1   //此处改成1  让cobbler管理dhcp服务

# set to 1 to enable Cobbler's TFTP management features.
# the choice of TFTP mangement engine is in /etc/cobbler/modules.conf
manage_tftpd: 1  //此处改成1  让cobbler管理tftp服务


# set to 1 to enable Cobbler's RSYNC management features.
manage_rsync: 1  //此处改成1  让cobbler管理rsync服务

# and put the output between the "" below.
default_password_crypted: "$1$13003$X2YFLae3fUQ0Tw0Y3MKHf0"      //此处改成加密的密码


#重启服务后，cobbler check 检查，保证完全配置cobbler
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl  restart  httpd.service 
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl  restart  cobblerd.service 
[root@cobbler ~]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128              *:22                           *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100      127.0.0.1:25                           *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5        127.0.0.1:25151                        *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5                *:873                          *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128           [::]:80                        [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128           [::]:22                        [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      100          [::1]:25                        [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128           [::]:443                       [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      5             [::]:873                       [::]:* 

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler check 
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 
  //在 /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 中将“disable”更改为“n0”
  
2 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders.  If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot.
//cobbler服务需要一些文件，要么你安装syslinux然后忽略这些文件，要么执行命令cobbler get-loaders，这个是最简单的方法了。包括的文件为：pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot

3 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories

//deb包管理器没安装，可能某些软件安装的时候需要它,因为是centos系统，该项可以忽略

4 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

//需要fencing tools，以管理optional；安装cman或者fence-agents  并使用它们。

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.




#将上述1，2，4问题解决 并重启cobbler服务
[root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
disable                 = no   
[root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install fence-agents   
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler get-loaders
No such command: get-loaders 
//配置出现报错 我去网上查了很多，有人给出的建议是因为需要相关引导文件 pxelinux.0(引导文件)和menu.c32(菜单文件)，这两个文件是从sysliunx里面来的，所以复制之前，先要保证安装好好syslinux，再进行复制，于是继续尝试
[root@cobbler ~]# yum -y install  syslinux
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Package syslinux-4.05-15.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@cobbler ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@cobbler ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl  restart  cobblerd.service  
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler get-loaders
No such command: get-loaders 
//依旧没解决，这个问题困扰了我很长时间，经过多方查阅资料和实验，我终于明白了整个问题所在：在我安装的cobbler版本中，压根就不支持使用该命令下载引导启动文件！尽管cobbler check命令依然报错，但是我们可以不用理会该报错，直接进行cobbler的下一步配置即可！

[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler check 
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders.  If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent