linux的df、du命令

df相关命令

作用:检查文件系统的磁盘空间使用情况,针对一整个文件系统的,可以理解为检查某个挂载卷的整体情况

df命令

[root@ypcvm /]# df
Filesystem              1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                  4679876        0   4679876   0% /dev
tmpfs                     4691888        0   4691888   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                     4691888    11996   4679892   1% /run
tmpfs                     4691888        0   4691888   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root  18552832 11312548   7240284  61% /
/dev/sda1                  303780   124900    178880  42% /boot
tmpfs                      938380        0    938380   0% /run/user/0

Filesystem:识别的每个文件系统
1k-block:磁盘空间大小
Use%:使用率
Mounted on:挂载点

空间大小的单位都默认为KB

df -h命令:以可读的格式显示磁盘空间使用情况,如显示为 KB、MB 或者 GB

[root@ypcvm /]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 4.5G     0  4.5G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    4.5G     0  4.5G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    4.5G   12M  4.5G   1% /run
tmpfs                    4.5G     0  4.5G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root   18G   11G  7.0G  61% /
/dev/sda1                297M  122M  175M  42% /boot
tmpfs                    917M     0  917M   0% /run/user/0

Size:容量

df -T命令:多了文件类型列

[root@ypcvm /]# df -T
Filesystem              Type     1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                devtmpfs   4679876        0   4679876   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs      4691888        0   4691888   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs      4691888    11996   4679892   1% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs      4691888        0   4691888   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs       18552832 11312576   7240256  61% /
/dev/sda1               xfs         303780   124900    178880  42% /boot
tmpfs                   tmpfs       938380        0    938380   0% /run/user/0

Type: 文件类型

df -t 文件类型: 筛选指定的文件类型

[root@ypcvm /]# df -t xfs
Filesystem              1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root  18552832 11312556   7240276  61% /
/dev/sda1                  303780   124900    178880  42% /boot

筛选xfs文件类型的文件系统

du命令

作用:查看文件所占磁盘空间的大小,可以查看某个目录的大小,也可以查看某个具体文件的大小

语法:

du [选项] [文件或目录]

du命令:默认列出当前目录所有文件的各自所占的空间

[root@ypcvm ~]# du
4       ./.cache/abrt
4       ./.cache
0       ./.config/abrt
0       ./.config
0       ./.pki/nssdb
0       ./.pki
0       ./.docker/buildx/instances
0       ./.docker/buildx/defaults
4       ./.docker/buildx/activity
8       ./.docker/buildx
8       ./.docker
196544  ./mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.4.9/bin
196684  ./mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.4.9
48      ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/cc
4       ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/lib/geoip
4       ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/lib/google-perftools
8       ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/lib/libatomic
4       ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/lib/libgd
4       ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/lib/libxslt
20      ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/lib/openssl
28      ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/lib/pcre
8       ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/lib/perl
20      ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/lib/zlib
108     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/lib
28      ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/os
16      ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/types
392     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto
40      ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/conf
20      ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/contrib/unicode2nginx
4       ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/contrib/vim/ftdetect
4       ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/contrib/vim/ftplugin
4       ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/contrib/vim/indent
116     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/contrib/vim/syntax
128     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/contrib/vim
156     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/contrib
912     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/core
152     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/event/modules
552     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/event
72      ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/http/modules/perl
1796    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/http/modules
252     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/http/v2
3152    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/http
320     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/mail
8       ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/misc
420     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/os/unix
256     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/os/win32
676     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/os
600     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/stream
6220    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src
8       ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/html
8       ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/man
44      ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/objs
7684    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0
8772    ./nginx/core
8772    ./nginx
3315748 .

最后一行表示: 当前目录的文件共占用的空间 默认单位为KB

du -h命令:以可读的格式显示当前目录中个文件使用情况,如显示为 KB、MB 或者 GB

[root@ypcvm ~]# du -h
4.0K    ./.cache/abrt
4.0K    ./.cache
0       ./.config/abrt
0       ./.config
0       ./.pki/nssdb
0       ./.pki
0       ./.docker/buildx/instances
0       ./.docker/buildx/defaults
4.0K    ./.docker/buildx/activity
8.0K    ./.docker/buildx
8.0K    ./.docker
192M    ./mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.4.9/bin
193M    ./mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.4.9
48K     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/cc
4.0K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/lib/geoip
4.0K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/lib/google-perftools
8.0K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/lib/libatomic
4.0K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/lib/libgd
4.0K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/lib/libxslt
20K     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/lib/openssl
28K     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/lib/pcre
8.0K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/lib/perl
20K     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/lib/zlib
108K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/lib
28K     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/os
16K     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto/types
392K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/auto
40K     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/conf
20K     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/contrib/unicode2nginx
4.0K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/contrib/vim/ftdetect
4.0K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/contrib/vim/ftplugin
4.0K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/contrib/vim/indent
116K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/contrib/vim/syntax
128K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/contrib/vim
156K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/contrib
912K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/core
152K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/event/modules
552K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/event
72K     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/http/modules/perl
1.8M    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/http/modules
252K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/http/v2
3.1M    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/http
320K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/mail
8.0K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/misc
420K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/os/unix
256K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/os/win32
676K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/os
600K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src/stream
6.1M    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/src
8.0K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/html
8.0K    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/man
44K     ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0/objs
7.6M    ./nginx/core/nginx-1.24.0
8.6M    ./nginx/core
8.6M    ./nginx
3.2G    .

du -sh命令:显示当前目录所占的总空间大小,不展示里面包含的具体文件的大小

[root@ypcvm ~]# du -sh
3.2G  

du -sh --time * :查看当前目录下所有文件与目录的大小与更新时间

[root@ypcvm ~]# du -sh --time *
4.0K    2023-01-12 22:54        anaconda-ks.cfg
823M    2023-03-12 15:14        es7.12.1.tar
4.0K    2023-05-22 16:07        hello.txt
641M    2023-07-06 17:10        jdk.tar
1.1G    2023-03-12 15:20        kibana7.12.1.tar
193M    2023-08-16 09:54        mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.4.9
69M     2021-09-20 04:25        mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.4.9.tgz
247M    2023-07-06 17:09        mq.tar
8.6M    2023-09-01 14:06        nginx
140M    2023-03-12 10:29        nginx.tar
4.0K    2023-05-22 16:00        test.txt

du -sh * : 查看当前目录下所有文件与目录的大小

[root@ypcvm ~]# du -sh *
4.0K    anaconda-ks.cfg
823M    es7.12.1.tar
4.0K    hello.txt
641M    jdk.tar
1.1G    kibana7.12.1.tar
193M    mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.4.9
69M     mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.4.9.tgz
247M    mq.tar
8.6M    nginx
140M    nginx.tar
4.0K    test.txt

du -sh * | sort -rh : (从大到小降序)查看当前目录下所有文件与目录的大小


[root@ypcvm ~]# du -sh * | sort -rh
1.1G    kibana7.12.1.tar
823M    es7.12.1.tar
641M    jdk.tar
247M    mq.tar
193M    mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.4.9
140M    nginx.tar
69M     mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-4.4.9.tgz
8.6M    nginx
4.0K    test.txt
4.0K    hello.txt
4.0K    anaconda-ks.cfg

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