请求转发和网页重定向

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-02 10:31:20 发布

星星不喝药

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-02 10:31:20 发布

阅读量178

点赞数 1

文章标签：服务器 p2p 运维

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_68092999/article/details/125286363

版权

本文详细介绍了HTTP请求转发和重定向的区别，包括它们的特点、示例代码以及应用场景。请求转发在地址栏不改变，参数不丢失，而重定向地址栏会更新，参数会丢失。请求转发可用于内部资源跳转，重定向则可以跳转到外部资源。此外，还提供了具体的Servlet代码示例来说明请求转发和重定向的实现方式。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

一：请求转发

forward() 当客户端向服务器端发送一个请求,请求地址没有发生变化,服务器调用内部的方法直接将请求转发给新地址进行处理,然后将处理结果反馈给客户端。采用请求转发的方式,客户端和服务器端只执行了一次请求和一次响应,且浏览器地址栏显示的是第一次访问的原地址 (request对象不变)”。

请求转发特点：

请求转发地址栏不发生改变
用户一次请求
请求转发过程中参数不会丢失
请求转发无法跳转到服务器以外的资源
请求转发可以跳转WEB-INF目录内的站点
访问成功返回状态码200

图示：

二：网页重定向

sendRedirect() 重定向是指页面定位到某个新地址，之前的request失效，进入一个新的request （相当于两次请求），通过request对象的sendRedirect()方法实现。

网页重定向特点：

重定向地址栏发生改变
重定向需要进行二次跳转
重定向过程中参数会丢失
重定向可以跳转到服务器以外的资源
重定向无法跳转WEB-INF目录内的站点
重定向一次跳转后返回302码及location

图示：

三：请求跳转示例

先创建三个 servlet类（参数正常传递，URL地址并没有跳转）

@WebServlet(name = "Forward01", value = "/Forward01")
public class Forward01 extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -2245044846253497804L;

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("我是Forward01");
        // 1.向request域中存储数据	与request绑定
        request.setAttribute("slogan","桃李不言下自成蹊");

        //forward(request,response) 中的request,response 是转发对象
        //2.请求转发
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/Forward02").forward(request,response);
    }
}

@WebServlet(name = "Forward02", value = "/Forward02")
public class Forward02 extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -1262209307277647624L;

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("我是Forward02");
        //forward(request,response) 中的request,response 是转发对象
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/Forward03").forward(request,response);
    }
}

@WebServlet(name = "Forward03", value = "/Forward03")
public class Forward03 extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3896982895610295687L;

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("我是Forward03");
        String slogan = (String) request.getAttribute("slogan");
        System.out.println(slogan);
    }
}

请求转发无法跳转到服务器以外的资源

@WebServlet(name = "ForwardOuter", value = "/ForwardOuter")
public class ForwardOuter extends HttpServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 5856096467944349435L;

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("我是 ForwardOuter");
        // 请求无法跳转到站外站点
        request.getRequestDispatcher("https://space.bilibili.com/480308139").forward(request, response);
    }
}

请求转发可以跳转WEB-INF目录内的站点

@WebServlet(name = "ForwardInner03", value = "/ForwardInner03")
public class ForwardInner03 extends HttpServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -5730328858279765970L;

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("我是 ForwardInner03");
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/forward.jsp").forward(request, response);
    }
}

四：重定向跳转示例

先创建三个 servlet类（参数会丢失，URL地址发生了跳转）

@WebServlet(name = "Redirect01", value = "/Redirect01")
public class Redirect01 extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -5096088127501474424L;

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("我是 Redirect01");
        request.setAttribute("slogan","桃李不言下自成蹊");
        // 网页重定向
        response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/Redirect02");
    }
}

@WebServlet(name = "Redirect02", value = "/Redirect02")
public class Redirect02 extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -1046620871038602664L;

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("我是 Redirect02");
        // 网页重定向
        response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/Redirect03");}
}

@WebServlet(name = "Redirect03", value = "/Redirect03")
public class Redirect03 extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -1514803687180205194L;

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String slogan = (String) request.getAttribute("slogan");
        System.out.println("slogan >>> " + slogan);
        System.out.println("我是 Redirect03");
    }
}

请求转发可以跳转到服务器以外的资源

@WebServlet(name = "RedirectOuter", value = "/RedirectOuter")
public class RedirectOuter extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 6941511209459670904L;

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("我是 RedirectOuter");
        // 网页重定向
        response.sendRedirect("https://blog.csdn.net/qq_24330181");
    }
}

请求转发不可以可以跳转WEB-INF目录内的站点

@WebServlet(name = "RedirectInner03", value = "/RedirectInner03")
public class RedirectInner03 extends HttpServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -7795455934058880876L;

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("我是 RedirectInner03");
        // 网页重定向
        response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/WEB-INF/redirect.jsp");
    }
}

状态码会变为404