一、通过xml注解加载
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--声明自定义bean-->
<bean id="bookService"
class="com.itheima.service.impl.BookServiceImpl"
scope="singleton"/>
<!--声明第三方开发bean-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"/>
</beans>
2、通过在xml文件中配置包扫描和在指定自定义bean类上加注解实现
2.1使用Conponent以及其衍生注解@Controller、@Service、@Repository定义bean
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.haust"/>
</beans>
@Service
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
}
2.2、使用@Bean定义第三方bean,并将所在类定义为配置类或Bean
@Configuration
public class DbConfig {
@Bean
public DruidDataSource getDataSource(){
DruidDataSource ds = new DruidDataSource();
return ds;
}
}
3、注解方式声明配置类
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.haust")
public class SpringConfig {
@Bean
public DruidDataSource getDataSource(){
DruidDataSource ds = new DruidDataSource();
return ds;
}
}
4、使用@Import注解导入要注入的bean对应的字节码
被导入的bean无需使用注解声明为bean,如果导入的试配置类的话,配置类中对应的声明将会一并导入(配置类的Configuration注解可以省略)
@Import(Dog.class)
public class SpringConfig5 {
}
public class Dog {
}
5、使用Spring上下文对象在容器初始化完毕后注入bean
public class AppImport {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx =
new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig5.class);
ctx.register(Cat.class);
ctx.register(Dog.class);
String[] names = ctx.getBeanDefinitionNames();
for (String name : names) {
System.out.println(name);
}
}
}
6、导入实现了ImportSelector的类,实现对导入源数据的编程式处理。
public class MyImportSelector implements ImportSelector {
public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata metadata) {
boolean flag = metadata.hasAnnotation("org.springframework.context.annotation.Import");
if(flag){
return new String[]{"com.haust.domain.Dog"};
}
return new String[]{"com.haust.domain.Cat"};
}
}
7、导入实现了ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口的类
通过BeanDefinition的注册器注册实名bean,实现对容器中bean的裁定,例如对现有bean的覆盖,进而达成不修改源代码的情况下更换实现的效果(相比于第六种对bean的操作权限更高)
public class MyImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar {
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata,
BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
BeanDefinition beanDefinition = BeanDefinitionBuilder
.rootBeanDefinition(BookServiceImpl2.class)
.getBeanDefinition();
registry.registerBeanDefinition("bookService", beanDefinition);
}
}
8、导入实现了BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor接口的类
通过BeanDefinition的注册器注册实名bean,实现对容器中bean的最终裁定(比7的优先级更高)
public class MyPostProcessor implements BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor {
public void postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
BeanDefinition beanDefinition = BeanDefinitionBuilder
.rootBeanDefinition(BookServiceImpl4.class)
.getBeanDefinition();
registry.registerBeanDefinition("bookService", beanDefinition);
}
}