docker镜像的打包

一．镜像文件的打包

1. 将镜像打包

查看帮助文件

docker --help

找到save,可以将镜像保存为一个tar包

docker save --hellp

查看现有的镜像

docker images

root@docker0 ~]# docker save -o centos.tar centos:latest

[root@docker0 ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  centos.tar

可以将tar发送给其他用户，也可作为备份

删除镜像

[root@docker0 ~]# docker rmi centos:latest

Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "centos:latest" (must force) - container 832204f3a881 is using its referenced image 5d0da3dc9764

#如果有这个镜像生成的容器正在使用，那么用rmi就无法删除

#删除容器，退出容器up状态

[root@docker0 ~]# docker rm c0

c0

#使用docker ps --all确定没有镜像

[root@docker0 ~]# docker ps --all

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

[root@docker0 ~]# docker rmi centos:latest

Untagged: centos:latest

Untagged: centos@sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177

Deleted: sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6

Deleted: sha256:74ddd0ec08fa43d09f32636ba91a0a3053b02cb4627c35051aff89f853606b59

2.从tar中引入镜像

docker --help

docker load --help

[root@docker0 ~]# docker load -i centos.tar

74ddd0ec08fa: Loading layer  238.6MB/238.6MB

Loaded image: centos:latest

[root@docker0 ~]# docker image ls

REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE

centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   2 years ago   231MB

Sha

3.打开一个新容器;

[root@docker0 ~]# docker run -it --name c0 centos:yum /bin/bash

从容器中导出tar包

docker --help

docker export --help

使用指令

[root@docker0 ~]# docker export -o centos_yum.tar c0

[root@docker0 ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  centos.tar  centos_yum.tar

4.从tar包导入镜像

查看帮助

docker --help

docker import --help

使用指令

[root@docker0 ~]# docker import -m yum centos_yum.tar centos:yum

sha256:57439e0dc3974aff8dfd90d6fdad955975ac305efe05f708954955920b996267

[root@docker0 ~]# docker image ls

REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE

centos       yum       57439e0dc397   31 seconds ago   233MB

centos       latest    5d0da3dc9764   2 years ago      231MB

4.做一个带httpd服务的镜像：

docker run -it --name c100 centos:yum /bin/bash

yum -y install httpd

echo “aaa” > /var/www/html/index.html

httpd -k start

ctrl p q

docker export -o centos_httpd.tar  c100

docker import -m httpd centos_httpd.tar centos:httpd

[root@docker0 ~]# docker import -m httpd centos_httpd.tar centos:httpd

sha256:7c5809f9310ed04687ed9c65076bde1ec9178a81b7ba1b5278ae5fd0526aeba2

二．查看ip

1. 进入容器使用指令

docker attach c100

yum -y install net-tools

yum -y install iproute

ip a s

ifconfig

1. 使用docker指令inspect

docker inspect c100

3.在外部调用指令

docker exec c100 ip a

docker exec c100 ifconfig

虚拟机端口映射

[root@docker0 ~]# docker stop c100

c100

[root@docker0 ~]# docker rm c100

c100

[root@docker0 ~]# docker ps --all

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

1.将容器中的80端口映射到宿主机（docker主机）的80端口

[root@docker0 ~]# docker run -it --name c0 -p80:80/tcp centos:httpd /bin/bash   //第一个80是宿主机的80端口，第二个80是容器的80端口

[root@74c5b3132c9f /]# httpd -k start

AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message

[root@74c5b3132c9f /]# curl localhost

“aaa”

[root@docker0 ~]# curl 172.17.0.2

“aaa”

[root@docker0 ~]# curl 192.168.2.13

“aaa”

练习：

[root@docker0 ~]# docker run -it --name c1 -p12345:80 centos:httpd /bin/bash

[root@7f6fab58c90b /]# httpd -k start

AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.3. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message

[root@7f6fab58c90b /]# curl localhost

“aaa”

[root@docker0 ~]# curl 172.17.0.2

“aaa”

[root@docker0 ~]# docker ps --all

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                     NAMES

7f6fab58c90b   centos:httpd   "/bin/bash"   2 minutes ago    Up 2 minutes    0.0.0.0:12345->80/tcp, :::12345->80/tcp   c1

74c5b3132c9f   centos:httpd   "/bin/bash"   14 minutes ago   Up 14 minutes   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp         c0

2.随机的为容器指定映射端口，映射端口>=32768

[root@docker0 ~]# docker run -it --name c0 -p80 centos:httpd /bin/bash

[root@9f83dc07c22e /]# httpd -k start

AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message

[root@9f83dc07c22e /]# curl localhost

“aaa”

[root@docker0 ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                     NAMES

9f83dc07c22e   centos:httpd   "/bin/bash"   41 seconds ago   Up 41 seconds   0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp, :::32768->80/tcp   c0

[root@docker0 ~]# curl 192.168.2.13:32768

“aaa”

[root@docker0 ~]# docker run -it --name c1 -p80 centos:httpd /bin/bash

[root@c8f64dea290b /]# httpd -k start

AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.3. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message

[root@c8f64dea290b /]# read escape sequence

[root@docker0 ~]# curl 192.168.2.13:32769

“aaa”

3.通过其他的ip地址的端口映射容器的端口

[root@docker0 ~]# ifconfig ens33:0 192.168.2.11 broadcast 192.168.2.11 netmask 255.255.255.255 up

[root@docker0 ~]# docker stop c0 c1

[root@docker0 ~]# docker rm c0 c1

[root@docker0 ~]# docker run -it --name c0 -p192.168.2.11::80 centos:httpd /bin/bash

[root@61cfbb4e4d53 /]# httpd -k start

[root@61cfbb4e4d53 /]# curl localhost

“aaa”

三．持久化

挂载外部文件

[root@docker0 ~]# mkdir /source

[root@docker0 ~]# docker run -it --name c0 -v source:/data centos:httpd /bin/bash

[root@docker0 ~]# touch /source/abc.txt

[root@docker0 ~]# ls /source/

abc.txt

[root@docker0 ~]# docker exec c0 ls /data

abc.txt

[root@docker0 ~]# docker exec c0 touch /data/def.txt

[root@docker0 ~]# ls /source/

abc.txt def.txt