2025斯坦福大学 Code in Place Week1 Practice【个人代码+参考答案】

 题目

用python语言，以及吉祥物karel建造医院，分为small和hospital两个world，如下图所示：

我的思路

（1）一开始要让karel处于直行状态，因此定义straight_line；

（2）抵达有beeper的地点后，开始建造医院，因此定义build_small_hospital；

（3）建造完医院后重新直行，重复之前的动作。

埋坑点

（1）small world和hospital world的终点有差异，small world建造完医院后要向前走一步，遇到墙，然后停下，而hospital world在建造医院之后，前面有墙，要立刻停下。我们的代码要两个世界观都适用，因此考虑增加条件，if front is clear，才直行；

【对应下方代码：if front_is_clear:

                                straight_line()】

（2）karel在脚下没有beeper，前面有路的情况下要往前走，建造完医院的那个节点，前面有路，karel也要恢复前进的方向，往前走，因此定义end_move；

【先把方向扭转过来，再判断前路是否通畅：

在hospital world里，如果前路通畅，就会直行，然后重复while循环，在最后遇到墙体了，把方向变为east，就停了；

在small world里，建造完医院后，前路是通畅的，就move了一次，后续继续遇到if front_is_clear语句，条件判断为false，就停下来了】

请结合下图main()和def end_move()一起理解噢~

（3）build_small_hospital最后不要写move()，因为它在Hospital世界观下最后一次不能move；

 我的代码示例

from karel.stanfordkarel import *

def main():
    straight_line()
    while beepers_present() and front_is_clear():
        build_small_hospital()
        end_move()
        if front_is_clear():
            straight_line()


def build_small_hospital():
    turn_left()
    move()
    put_beeper()
    move()
    put_beeper()
    turn_right()
    move()
    put_beeper()
    turn_right()
    move()
    put_beeper()
    move()
    put_beeper()

def straight_line():
    while facing_east() and no_beepers_present():
        if front_is_clear():
            move()

def end_move():
    while facing_south() and beepers_present():
        turn_left()
    if front_is_clear():
        move()


# Note: turn_right() is not called above but added for reference.
def turn_right():
    for i in range(3):
        turn_left()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

代码运行成功！

官方参考答案

"""
Program: Hospital Karel
Karel traverses 1st Street from west to east, building hospitals
wherever it encounters a beeper.
"""
from karel.stanfordkarel import *

def main():
    while front_is_clear():
        if beepers_present():
            build_hospital()
        safe_move()


def build_hospital():
    """
    Karel picks up supplies and builds a hospital.
    Pre-condition: Karel is on a beeper, representing a
        pile of supplies. Karel is facing east.
    Post-condition: Karel is standing at the bottom
        of the last column of the hospital, facing east.
    """
    # pick up supplies
    pick_beeper()
    do_one_column()
    move()
    do_one_column()


def do_one_column():
    """
    Karel builds a single column of a hospital.
    Pre-condition: Karel is facing east at the bottom
        of where we want to build a column.
    Post-condition: Karel is facing east at the bottom
        of the column it just built.
    """
    turn_left()
    put_three_beepers()
    return_to_base()
    turn_left()


def put_three_beepers():
    """
    Karel places three beepers in a row.
    Pre-condition: Karel is on the corner where we want
        to place the first beeper.
    Post-condition: Karel is on the corner where it
        placed the third beeper in a row.
    """
    put_beeper()
    move()
    put_beeper()
    move()
    put_beeper()


def return_to_base():
    """
    Karel turns around and goes to the wall.
    Pre-condition: Karel is at the end of the column
        it just built, facing north.
    Post-condition: Karel has returned to 1st Street,
        below the column is just built, facing south.
    """
    turn_around()
    move_to_wall()


def move_to_wall():
    while front_is_clear():
        move()


def safe_move():
    if front_is_clear():
        move()


def turn_around():
    turn_left()
    turn_left()


# Note: turn_right() is not called above but added for reference.
def turn_right():
    for i in range(3):
        turn_left()

    

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

官方代码还是比我的要简洁许多，且使用了拆分的思维，建造医院的过程拆分成：

（1）捡起第一个beeper

（2）往上建一列，回来

（3）往右走一步

（4）重复（2）

My coding style feedback